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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Damage to photosystem II in symbiotic dinoflagellates: A determinant of coral bleaching
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Damage to photosystem II in symbiotic dinoflagellates: A determinant of coral bleaching

机译：共生鞭毛虫对光系统II的损害：珊瑚漂白的决定因素

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Coral bleaching has been defined as a general phenomenon, whereby reef corals turn visibly pale be-cause of the loss of their symbiotic dinoflagellates and/or algal pigments during periods of exposure to elevated seawater temperatures. During the summer of 1997, seawater temperatures in the Florida Keys remained at or above 30°C for more than 6 weeks, and extensive coral bleaching was observed. Bleached colonies of the dominant Caribbean reef-building species, Montastrea faveolata and Montastrea franksi, were sampled over a depth gradient from 1 to 17 m during this period of elevated temperature and contained lower densities of symbiotic dinoflagekkates in deeper corals than seen in previous "nonbleaching" years. Fluorescence analysis by pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometry revealed severe damage to photosystem II (PSII) in remaining symbionts within the corals, with greater damage indicated at deeper depths. Dinoflagellates with the greatest loss in PSII activity also showed a significant decline in the D1 reaction center protein of PSII, as measured by immunoblot analysis. Laboratory experiments on the temperature-sensitive species Montastrea annularis, as well as temperature-sensitive and temperature-tolerant cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates, confirmed the temperature-dependent loss of PSII activity and concomitant decrease on D1 reaction center protein seen in symbionts collected from corals naturally bleached on the reef. In addition, variation in PSII repair was detected, indicating that perturbation of PSII protein turnover rates during photoinhibition at elevat
机译：珊瑚褪色已被定义为一种普遍现象，由于在暴露于升高的海水温度期间失去了其共生的鞭毛藻和/或藻类色素，珊瑚礁的珊瑚变得明显变白。在1997年夏季，佛罗里达礁岛的海水温度在30°C或以上的温度保持超过6周，并且观察到广泛的珊瑚白化。在这段高温期间，对占主导地位的加勒比海造礁物种Montastrea faveolata和Montastrea franksi的漂白菌落进行了采样，采样深度为1至17 m，并且比以前的“非漂白”法更深的珊瑚中共生共鞭毛的密度较低。 ”年。通过脉冲幅度调制荧光分析法进行的荧光分析显示，珊瑚内其余共生体对光系统II（PSII）的严重破坏，在更深的深度显示更大的破坏。通过免疫印迹分析测得，PSII活性损失最大的恐龙鞭毛虫也显示PSII的D1反应中心蛋白显着下降。在对温度敏感的物种Montastrea ringis以及对温度敏感且耐温的共生鞭毛鞭毛藻的实验室实验中，证实了温度依赖性的PSII活性丧失，以及从天然漂白的珊瑚中收集到的共生体中D1反应中心蛋白的下降。在珊瑚礁上。此外，检测到PSII修复存在差异，这表明在升高的光抑制过程中PSII蛋白更新率受到干扰。

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