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El Nino and the related phenomenon Southern Oscillation (ENSO): The largest signal in interannual climate variation

机译:厄尔尼诺现象及相关现象南方涛动(ENSO):年际气候变化的最大信号

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摘要

El Nino and the related phenomenon south- ern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest signal in the inter- annual variation of ocean-atmosphere system. It is mainly a tropical event but its impact is global. ENSO has been drawing great scientific attention in many international research pro- grams. There has been an observational system for the tropical ocean, and scientists have known the climatologies of the upper ocean, developed some theories about the ENSO cycle, and established coupled ocean-atmosphere models to give encouraging predictions of ENSO for a 1-year lead. However, questions remain about the physical mechanisms for the ENSO cycle and its irregularity, ENSO-monsoon interac- tions, long-term variation of ENSO, and increasing the pre- dictive skill of ENSO and its related climate variations.
机译:厄尔尼诺现象和相关的南方涛动现象(ENSO)是海洋-大气系统年际变化中最强烈的信号。它主要是热带事件,但其影响是全球性的。 ENSO已在许多国际研究计划中引起了极大的科学关注。对于热带海洋已经有了一个观测系统,科学家们已经知道了上层海洋的气候,开发了关于ENSO周期的一些理论,并建立了海洋-大气耦合模型,以期对ENSO进行1年的领先预测。然而,关于ENSO循环的物理机制及其不规则性,ENSO-季风相互作用,ENSO的长期变化以及增加ENSO及其相关气候变化的预测能力,仍然存在疑问。

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