This paper examines the available United States data on academic research and development (R&D) expenditures and the number of papers published and the number of citations to these papers as possible measures of "output" of this enterprise. We look at these numbers for science and engineering as a whole, for five selected major fields, and at the individual university field level. The pub- lished data in Science and Engineering Indicators imply sharply diminishing returns to academic R&D using published papers as an "output" measure.
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