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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia
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The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia

机译:埃塞俄比亚Konso最早的Acheulean的特征和年代

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摘要

The Acheulean technological tradition, characterized by a large (>10 cm) flake-based component, represents a significant technological advance over the Oldowan. Although stone tool assemblages attributed to the Acheulean have been reported from as early as circa 1.6-1.75 Ma, the characteristics of these earliest occurrences and comparisons with later assemblages have not been reported in detail. Here, we provide a newly established chronometric calibration for the Acheulean assemblages of the Konso Formation, southern Ethiopia, which span the time period ~1.75 to <1.0 Ma. The earliest Konso Acheulean is chronologically indistinguishable from the assemblage recently published as the world's earliest with an age of ~1.75 Ma at Kokiselei, west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. This Konso assemblage is characterized by a combination of large picks and crude bifaces/unifaces made predominantly on large flake blanks. An increase in the number of flake scars was observed within the Konso Formation handaxe assemblages through time, but this was less so with picks. The Konso evidence suggests that both picks and handaxes were essential components of the Acheulean from its initial stages and that the two probably differed in function. The temporal refinement seen, especially in the handaxe forms at Konso, implies enhanced function through time, perhaps in processing carcasses with long and stable cutting edges. The documentation of the earliest Acheulean at ~1.75 Ma in both northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia suggests that behavioral novelties were being established in a regional scale at that time, paralleling the emergence of Homo erectus-like hominid morphology.
机译:Acheulean的技术传统以较大的片状成分(> 10厘米)为特征,代表了比Oldowan重大的技术进步。尽管早在1.6-1.75 Ma时就已经报道了归因于Acheulean的石器工具组合,但这些最早出现的特征以及与以后组合的比较尚未得到详细报道。在这里,我们为埃塞俄比亚南部Konso地层的Acheulean组合提供了新建立的计时校准,校准时间跨度为〜1.75至<1.0 Ma。最早的Konso Acheulean与最近在世界上最早出版的这种组合在时间上没有区别,该组合的年龄约在1.75 Ma,位于肯尼亚图尔卡纳湖以西的Kokiselei。此Konso组合的特点是,大镐头和粗制双面/单面相结合,主要在大型片状毛坯上制成。随着时间的推移,在Konso组的手斧组合中观察到了片状疤痕数量的增加,但是对于镐来说却不是这样。 Konso的证据表明,拨叉和斧头都是Acheulean最初阶段必不可少的组成部分,两者的功能可能有所不同。所看到的时间上的细化,特别是在Konso的手斧形式中,暗示了随着时间的推移功能增强,也许是在加工具有长而稳定的刀刃的car体时。在肯尼亚北部和埃塞俄比亚南部,最早的阿奇兰人(Acheulean)处在〜1.75 Ma处,这表明当时在区域范围内建立了行为新颖性,与直立人状人类形态相似。

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  • 作者单位

    Association for Research and Conservation of Culture (A.R.C.C.), Awassa, Ethiopia,French Center for Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

    Division of Natural History, Hyogo Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda 669-1546, Japan;

    EES-6/D462, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545;

    Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056;

    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan;

    Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany;

    Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan;

    Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;

    Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;

    University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;

    Rift Valley Research Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    chronostratigraphy; early pleistocene; lithic technology development;

    机译:年代地层学早更新世;石器技术发展;

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