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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley
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Induced mutations in circadian clock regulator Mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley

机译：昼夜节律调节器Mat-a的诱导突变促进了栽培大麦的短期适应和范围扩展

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摘要

Time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of agriculture. In 1961, the cultivar Mari (mat-a.8) was the very first induced early barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant to be released into commercial production. Mari extended the range of two-row spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity.Since its release, Mari or its derivatives have been used extensively across the world to facilitate short-season adaptation and further geographic range extension. By exploiting an extended historical collection of early-flowering mutants of barley, we identified Praematurum-a (Mat-a), the gene responsible for this key adaptive phenotype, as a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock regulator Early Flowering 3 (Elf3). We characterized 87 induced mat-a mutant lines and identified >20 different mata alleles that had clear mutations leading to a defective putative ELF3 protein. Expression analysis of HvElf3 and Gigantea in mutant and wild-type plants demonstrated that mat-a mutations disturb the flowering pathway, leading to the early phenotype.Alleles of Mat-a therefore have important and demonstrated breeding value in barley but probably also in many other daylength-sensitive crop plants, where they may tune adaptation to different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming.
机译：开花时间对产量有重要影响，并且已成为农作物驯化和农业传播的关键特征。 1961年，栽培品种Mari（mat-a.8）是第一个被引入商业生产的早期大麦突变体（Hordeum vulgare L.）。由于其光周期不敏感，Mari扩大了两行春季大麦的种植范围。自发布以来，Mari或其衍生物已在世界范围内广泛使用，以促进短期适应和进一步的地理范围扩展。通过利用扩展的历史收集的大麦早期开花突变体，我们确定了负责该关键适应性表型的基因Praematurum-a（Mat-a）为拟南芥昼夜节律调节器Early Flowering 3（Elf3）的同源物。 。我们表征了87个诱导的mat-a突变株系，并鉴定了> 20个不同的mata等位基因，这些等位基因具有明显的突变，导致缺陷的推定ELF3蛋白。 HvElf3和Gigantea在突变型和野生型植物中的表达分析表明，mat-a突变干扰了开花途径，导致了早期表型.Mat-a的等位基因因此在大麦中具有重要的育种价值，并可能具有育种价值对日长敏感的农作物，它们可能适应不同的地理区域和气候条件，这是全球变暖时期的关键问题。

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