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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Lifetime of carbon capture and storage as a climate-change mitigation technology
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Lifetime of carbon capture and storage as a climate-change mitigation technology

机译：碳捕集与封存的生命周期作为缓解气候变化的技术

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In carbon capture and storage (CCS), CO_2 is captured at power plants and then injected underground into reservoirs like deep saline aquifers for long-term storage. While CCS may be critical for the continued use of fossil fuels in a carbon-constrained world, the deployment of CCS has been hindered by uncertainty in geologic storage capacities and sustainable injection rates, which has contributed to the absence of concerted government policy. Here, we clarify the potential of CCS to mitigate emissions in the United States by developing a storage-capacity supply curve that, unlike current large-scale capacity estimates, is derived from the fluid mechanics of CO_2 injection and trapping and incorporates injection-rate constraints. We show that storage supply is a dynamic quantity that grows with the duration of CCS, and we interpret the lifetime of CCS as the time for which the storage supply curve exceeds the storage demand curve from CO_2 production. We show that in the United States, if CO_2 production from power generation continues to rise at recent rates, then CCS can store enough CO_2 to stabilize emissions at current levels for at least 100 y. This result suggests that the large-scale implementation of CCS is a geologically viable climate-change mitigation option in the United States over the next century.
机译：在碳捕集与封存（CCS）中，CO_2在发电厂被捕集，然后被注入地下，例如深层盐水层，以便长期存储。尽管CCS对于在碳限制的世界中继续使用化石燃料至关重要，但由于地质存储能力和可持续注入率的不确定性，CCS的部署受到了阻碍，这导致政府缺乏协调一致的政策。在此，我们通过开发一条存储容量供应曲线来阐明CCS在美国减少排放的潜力，该曲线不同于当前的大规模容量估算，它是根据CO_2注入和捕集的流体力学得出的，并纳入了注入速率约束。我们表明，存储供应量是随CCS持续时间增长的动态量，我们将CCS的寿命解释为存储供应量曲线超过CO_2生产的存储需求曲线的时间。我们表明，在美国，如果发电产生的CO_2继续以最近的速度增长，那么CCS可以储存足够的CO_2以将排放稳定在当前水平至少100年。这一结果表明，CCS的大规模实施是下个世纪美国在地质上减轻气候变化的可行方案。

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