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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Committed carbon emissions, deforestation, and community land conversion from oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚西加里曼丹的油棕种植园扩建导致的碳排放，森林砍伐和社区土地转化

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摘要

Industrial agricultural plantations are a rapidly increasing yet largely unmeasured source of tropical land cover change. Here, we evaluate impacts of oil palm plantation development on land cover, carbon flux, and agrarian community lands in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. With a spatially explicit land change/carbon bookkeeping model, parameterized using high-resolution satellite time series and informed by socioeconomic surveys, we assess previous and project future plantation expansion under five scenarios. Although fire was the primary proximate cause of 1989-2008 deforestation (93%) and net carbon emissions (69%), by 2007-2008, oil palm directly caused 27% of total and 40% of peatland deforestation. Plantation land sources exhibited distinctive temporal dynamics, comprising 81 % forests on mineral soils (1994-2001), shifting to 69% peatlands (2008-2011). Plantation leases reveal vast development potential. In 2008, leases spanned ~65% of the region, including 62% on peatlands and 59% of community-managed lands, yet <10% of lease area was planted. Projecting business as usual (BAU), by 2020 ~40% of regional and 35% of community lands are cleared for oil palm, generating 26% of net carbon emissions. Intact forest cover declines to 4%, and the proportion of emissions sourced from peatlands increases 38%. Prohibiting intact and logged forest and peatland conversion to oil palm reduces emissions only 4% below BAU, because of continued uncontrolled fire. Protecting logged forests achieves greater carbon emissions reductions (21 %) than protecting intact forests alone (9%) and is critical for mitigating carbon emissions. Extensive allocated leases constrain land management options, requiring trade-offs among oil palm production, carbon emissions mitigation, and maintaining community landholdings.
机译：工业化农业种植园是热带土地覆盖变化的迅速增长但很大程度上无法估量的来源。在这里，我们评估了印尼婆罗洲西部加里曼丹的油棕种植园发展对土地覆盖，碳通量和农业社区土地的影响。借助空间明确的土地变化/碳记录簿模型，使用高分辨率卫星时间序列进行参数化并根据社会经济调查得出的信息，我们可以在五个场景下评估以前和将来的人工林扩张。尽管火灾是造成1989-2008年森林砍伐（93％）和净碳排放量（69％）的主要原因，但到2007-2008年，油棕直接造成了泥炭地森林砍伐总量的27％和40％。人工林土地资源表现出独特的时间动态，包括81％的矿物土壤森林（1994-2001年），转移到69％的泥炭地（2008-2011年）。人工林租赁显示出巨大的发展潜力。 2008年，该地区的租赁范围约为65％，包括泥炭地的62％和社区管理的土地的59％，但种植的租赁面积不到10％。到2020年，照常进行预测业务（BAU），约40％的区域和35％的社区土地被清理为油棕，产生净碳排放量的26％。完整的森林覆盖率下降到4％，而泥炭地排放的比例增加38％。禁止持续完整和砍伐的森林和泥炭地改用油棕，因为持续不断的失火，排放量仅比BAU低4％。与仅保护原始森林（9％）相比，保护砍伐森林可实现更大的碳排放量减少（21％），这对于减少碳排放至关重要。广泛的分配租赁限制了土地管理的选择，要求在油棕生产，减少碳排放和保持社区土地所有权之间进行权衡。

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  • 作者

    Kimberly M. Carlson; Lisa M. Curran; Dessy Ratnasari; Alice M. Pittman; Britaldo S. Soares-Filho; Gregory P. Asner; Simon N. Trigg; David A. Gaveau; Deborah Lawrence; Hermann O. Rodrigues;

  • 作者单位

    School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,Woods Institute for the Environment,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;

    School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,Woods Institute for the Environment,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501;

    Living Landscapes Indonesia, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, 78121, Indonesia;

    School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,Woods Institute for the Environment,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;

    Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;

    Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305;

    Natural Resources Department, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, England;

    Woods Institute for the Environment,Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,Living Landscapes Indonesia, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, 78121, Indonesia;

    Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904;

    Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    greenhouse gas emissions; agribusiness; blaeis guineensis; moratorium; REDD+;

    机译：温室气体排放;农业综合企业;几内亚暂停REDD +;

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