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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Cyanobacteria blooms produce teratogenic retinoic acids
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Cyanobacteria blooms produce teratogenic retinoic acids

机译：蓝藻水华产生致畸维甲酸

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摘要

Deformed amphibians have been observed in eutrophic habitats, and some clues point to the retinoic acids (RAs) or RA mimics. However, RAs are generally thought of as vertebrate-specific hormones, and there was no evidence that RAs exist in cyanobacteria or algae blooms. By analyzing RAs and their analogs 4-oxo-RAs in natural cyanobacteria blooms and cultures of cyanobacteria and algae, we showed that cyanobacteria blooms could produce RAs, which were powerful animal teratogens. Intracellular RAs and 4-oxo-RAs with concentrations between 0.4 and 4.2 × 10~2 ng/L were detected in all bloom materials, and extracellular concentrations measured in water from Taihu Lake, China, were as great as 2.0 x 10 ng/L, which might pose a risk to wildlife through chronic exposure. Further examination of 39 cyanobacteria and algae species revealed that 32 species could produce RAs and 4-oxo-RAs (1.6-1.4 x 103 ng/g dry weight), and the dominant cyanobacteria species in Taihu Lake, Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa, produced high amounts of RAs and 4-oxo-RAs with concentrations of 1.4 × 10~3 and 3.7 × 10~2 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Most genera of cyanobacteria that could produce RAs and 4-oxo-RAs, such as Microcystis, Anabaena, and Aphanizomenon, often occur dominantly in blooms. Production of RAs and 4-oxo-RAs by cyanobacteria was associated with species, origin location, and growth stage. These results represent a conclusive demonstration of endogenous production of RAs in freshwater cyanobacteria blooms. The observation of teratogenic RAs in cyanobacteria is evolution-arily and ecologically significant because RAs are vertebrate-specific hormones, and cyanobacteria form extensive and highly visible blooms in many aquatic ecosystems.
机译：在富营养化的栖息地中观察到了变形的两栖动物，有些线索指向视黄酸（RA）或RA模仿物。但是，RA通常被认为是脊椎动物特有的激素，并且没有证据表明RA存在于蓝细菌或藻华中。通过分析天然蓝藻水华以及蓝藻和藻类培养物中的RA及其类似物4-oxo-RA，我们发现蓝藻水华可以产生RA，这是有力的动物致畸物。在所有开花材料中检测到的胞内RA和4-氧代RA的浓度在0.4至4.2×10〜2 ng / L之间，而从中国太湖水中测得的细胞外浓度高达2.0 x 10 ng / L ，这可能会由于长期暴露而对野生动植物构成风险。进一步检查39个蓝藻和藻类物种后发现，有32个物种可以产生RA和4-氧代-RA（干重1.6-1.4 x 103 ng / g），而太湖，浮游微囊藻和铜绿微囊藻的主要蓝藻物种。产生大量的RA和4-oxo-RA，其干重分别为1.4×10〜3和3.7×10〜2 ng / g。大多数可能产生RA和4-oxo-RA的蓝细菌属，例如微囊藻，鱼腥藻和Aphanizomenon，通常主要发生在花期。蓝细菌产生的RA和4-氧代RA与物种，起源位置和生长期有关。这些结果代表了淡水蓝藻水华中RA的内源性生产的结论性证明。在蓝细菌中观察到致畸型RA具有重要的进化和生态意义，因为RA是脊椎动物特有的激素，并且蓝细菌在许多水生生态系统中形成大量可见的水华。

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  • 作者

    Xiaoqin Wu; Jieqiong Jiang; Yi Wan; John P.Giesy; Jianying Hu;

  • 作者单位

    Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

    Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

    Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

    Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2 Canada,Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml 48824;

    Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    eutrophication; phytoplankton; deformities; asia;

    机译：富营养化浮游植物畸形亚洲;

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