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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Gain and loss of multiple functionally related, horizontally transferred genes in the reduced genomes of two microsporidian parasites
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Gain and loss of multiple functionally related, horizontally transferred genes in the reduced genomes of two microsporidian parasites

机译：在两个微孢子虫寄生虫的基因组减少的基因组中获得和丢失多个功能相关的水平转移基因

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摘要

Microsporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon are widespread pathogens of animals that harbor the smallest known nuclear genomes. Complete sequences from Encephalitozoon intestinalis (2.3 Mbp) and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (2.9 Mbp) revealed massive gene losses and reduction of intergenic regions as factors leading to their drastically reduced genome size. However, microsporidian genomes also have gained genes through horizontal gene transfers (HGT), a process that could allow the parasites to exploit their hosts more fully. Here, we describe the complete sequences of two intermediate-sized genomes (2.5 Mbp), from Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon romaleae. Overall, the E. hellem and E. romaleae genomes are strikingly similar to those of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in both form and content. However, in addition to the expected expansions and contractions of known gene families in subtelomeric regions, both species also were found to harbor a number of protein-coding genes that are not found in any other microsporidian. All these genes are functionally related to the metabolism of folate and purines but appear to have originated by several independent HGT events from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic donors. Surprisingly, the genes are all intact in E. hellem, but in f. romaleae those involved in de novo synthesis of folate are all pseudogenes. Overall, these data suggest that a recent common ancestor of E. hellem and E. romaleae assembled a complete metabolic pathway from multiple independent HGT events and that one descen-dent already is dispensing with much of this new functionality, highlighting the transient nature of transferred genes.
机译：脑小孢子虫属的小孢子虫是广泛传播的动物病原体，具有最小的已知核基因组。肠道小脑Encephalitozoon（2.3 Mbp）和黄瓜小脑Encephalitozoon（2.9 Mbp）的完整序列显示大量基因丢失和基因间区域减少是导致其基因组大小急剧减少的因素。但是，微孢子虫基因组也已经通过水平基因转移（HGT）获得了基因，这一过程可以使寄生虫更充分地利用其宿主。在这里，我们描述了两个中等大小的基因组（2.5 Mbp）的完整序列，它们来自脑形脑病和罗曼氏形脑病。总的来说，大肠杆菌和罗马肠埃希氏菌的基因组在形式和含量上都与钩形脑虫和小肠乙脑极为相似。然而，除了预期的已知的基因家族在亚端粒区域的扩增和收缩之外，还发现这两个物种都具有许多其他微孢子虫中都没有的蛋白质编码基因。所有这些基因在功能上与叶酸和嘌呤的代谢有关，但似乎是由来自不同真核和原核供体的几个独立的HGT事件引起的。出乎意料的是，这些基因在大肠杆菌中都完整无缺，但在f中。那些与从头合成叶酸有关的植物都是假基因。总体而言，这些数据表明，最近的大肠埃希菌和大肠埃希菌的共同祖先通过多个独立的HGT事件组装了一条完整的代谢途径，并且一个后代已经放弃了许多这种新功能，突出了转移的短暂性。基因。

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  • 作者

    Jean-Francois Pombert; Mohammed Selman; Fabien Burki; Floyd T. Bardell; Laurent Farinelli; Leellen F. Solter; Douglas W. Whitman; Louis M. Weiss; Nicolas Corradi; Patrick J. Keeling;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Botany, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada;

    Department of Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 1H7 Canada;

    Department of Botany, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada;

    Department of Botany, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada;

    Fastens SA, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva,Switzerland;

    lllinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820;

    School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790;

    Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;

    Department of Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 1H7 Canada;

    Department of Botany, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    evolution; genomics; parasitology;

    机译：演化;基因组学寄生虫学;

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