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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Stress imparted by the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake shut down transforms and activated rifts up to 400 km away in the Andaman Sea
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Stress imparted by the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake shut down transforms and activated rifts up to 400 km away in the Andaman Sea

机译：2004年苏门答腊岛大地震施加的压力关闭了安达曼海（Andaman Sea）以外400公里以外的变迁和裂谷

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摘要

The origin and prevalence of triggered seismicity and remote aftershocks are under debate. As a result, they have been excluded from probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and aftershock hazard notices. The 2004 M = 9.2 Sumatra earthquake altered seismicity in the Andaman backarc rift-transform system. Here we show that over a 300-km-long largely transform section of the backarc, M ≥ 4.5 earthquakes stopped for five years, and over a 750-km-long backarc section, the rate of transform events dropped by two-thirds, while the rate of rift events increased eightfold. We compute the propagating dynamic stress wavefield and find the peak dynamic Coulomb stress is similar on the rifts and transforms. Long-period dynamic stress amplitudes, which are thought to promote dynamic failure, are higher on the transforms than on the rifts, opposite to the observations. In contrast to the dynamic stress, we calculate that the mainshock brought the transform segments approximately 0.2 bar (0.02 MPa) farther from static Coulomb failure and the rift segments approximately 0.2 bar closer to static failure, consistent with the seismic observations. This accord means that changes in seismicity rate are sufficiently predictable to be included in post-mainshock hazard evaluations.
机译：引发地震活动和余震的起源和普遍程度尚有争议。结果，它们被排除在概率地震危害评估和余震危害通告之外。 2004年的M = 9.2苏门答腊地震改变了安达曼后向裂谷转换系统的地震活动。在这里，我们显示了在300公里长的后弧大变形带中，M≥4.5地震停止了五年，而在750公里长的后弧带中，转换事件的速度下降了三分之二，而裂谷事件的发生率增加了八倍。我们计算了传播的动态应力波场，发现在裂谷和变换上峰值动态库仑应力相似。与观测相反，在变换上的长周期动态应力幅度被认为是导致动态破坏的原因，而在裂谷上更高。与动态应力相反，我们计算出，主震使变换段距离静态库仑破坏更远约0.2 bar（0.02 MPa），裂谷段距离静态破坏更近0.2 bar，这与地震观测一致。该协议意味着地震活动率的变化是可以充分预测的，可以包含在主震后危害评估中。

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