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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Sulfur isotopes of organic matter preserved in 3.45-billion-year-old stromatolites reveal microbial metabolism
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Sulfur isotopes of organic matter preserved in 3.45-billion-year-old stromatolites reveal microbial metabolism

机译：保留在34.5亿年前的叠层石中的有机物的硫同位素揭示了微生物的代谢

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摘要

The 3.45-billion-year-old Strelley Pool Formation of Western Australia preserves stromatolites that are considered among the oldest evidence for life on Earth. In places of exceptional preservation, these stromatolites contain laminae rich in organic carbon, interpreted as the fossil remains of ancient microbial mats. To better understand the biogeochemistry of these rocks, we performed microscale in situ sulfur isotope measurements of the preserved organic sulfur, including both Δ~(33)S and δ~(34)S_(CDT)~- This approach allows us to tie physiological inference from isotope ratios directly to fossil biomass, providing a means to understand sulfur metabolism that is complimentary to, and independent from, inorganic proxies (e.g., pyrite). Δ~(33)S values of the kerogen reveal mass-anomalous fractionations expected of the Archean sulfur cycle, whereas δ~(34)S_(CDT) values show large fractionations at very small spatial scales, including values below -15‰ We interpret these isotopic patterns as recording the process of sulfurization of organic matter by H_2S in heterogeneous mat pore-waters influenced by respiratory S metabolism. Positive Δ~(33) S anomalies suggest that dispro-portionation of elemental sulfur would have been a prominent microbial process in these communities.
机译：西澳大利亚州具有34.5亿年历史的Strelley Pool地层保存着叠层石，被认为是地球上生命最古老的证据之一。在特殊保存的地方，这些叠层岩中含有富含有机碳的薄片，这被解释为古代微生物垫的化石遗迹。为了更好地了解这些岩石的生物地球化学，我们对保留的有机硫进行了微尺度的原位硫同位素测量，包括Δ〜（33）S和δ〜（34）S_（CDT）〜。从同位素比率直接推断化石生物量，提供了一种理解和替代无机代理（例如黄铁矿）的硫代谢的方法。干酪根的Δ〜（33）S值揭示了太古代硫循环的质量异常分馏，而δ〜（34）S_（CDT）值在很小的空间尺度上显示出较大的分馏，包括低于-15‰的值这些同位素模式记录了受呼吸S代谢影响的非均质垫孔隙水中H_2S硫化有机物的过程。正的Δ〜（33）S异常表明，元素硫的歧化将是这些群落中的重要微生物过程。

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