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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Area-heterogeneity tradeoff and the diversity of ecological communities
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Area-heterogeneity tradeoff and the diversity of ecological communities

机译：区域异质性权衡与生态群落多样性

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For more than 50 y ecologists have believed that spatial heterogeneity in habita't conditions promotes species richness by increasing opportunities for niche partitioning. However, a recent stochastic model combining the main elements of niche theory and island biogeography theory suggests that environmental heterogeneity has a general unimodal rather than a positive effect on species richness. This result was explained by an inherent tradeoff between environmental heterogeneity and the amount of suitable area available for individual species: for a given area, as heterogeneity increases, the mount of effective area available for individual species decreases, thereby reducing population sizes and increasing the likelihood of stochastic extinctions. Here we provide a comprehensive evaluation of this hypothesis. First we analyze an extensive database of breeding bird distribution in Catalonia and show that patterns of species richness, species abundance, and extinction rates are consistent with the predictions of the area-heterogeneity tradeoff and its proposed mechanisms. We then perform a metaanalysis of heterogeneity-diversity relationships in 54 published datasets and show that empirical data better fit the unimodal pattern predicted by the area-heterogeneity tradeoff than the positive pattern predicted by classic niche theory. Simulations in which species may have variable niche widths along a continuous environmental gradient are consistent with all empirical findings. The area-heterogeneity tradeoff brings a unique perspective to current theories of species diversity and has important implications for biodiversity conservation.
机译：已有50多年的生态学家认为，习惯条件下的空间异质性通过增加生态位分配的机会来促进物种丰富。但是，最近结合利基理论和岛屿生物地理学理论的主要因素的随机模型表明，环境异质性具有普遍的单峰性，而不是对物种丰富性的积极影响。环境异质性与单个物种可用的适宜面积之间的固有权衡解释了这一结果：对于给定面积，随着异质性的增加，单个物种可用的有效面积不断减少，从而减少了种群数量并增加了可能性随机灭绝。在这里，我们对该假设进行了全面评估。首先，我们分析了加泰罗尼亚广泛的繁殖鸟类分布数据库，并显示物种丰富度，物种丰度和灭绝率的模式与区域异质性权衡及其机制的预测相符。然后，我们对54个已公开的数据集进行了异质性-多样性关系的元分析，结果表明，与经典利基理论预测的正向模式相比，经验数据更好地拟合了区域异质性折衷预测的单峰模式。物种沿着连续的环境梯度可能具有可变的生态位宽度的模拟与所有经验发现是一致的。区域异质性折衷为当前的物种多样性理论提供了独特的视角，并对生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。

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