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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche
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Genome sequence of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveals mechanisms governing adaptation to a humic-rich ecological niche

机译：纽扣蘑菇姬松茸的基因组序列揭示了控制适应富含腐殖质生态位的机制

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摘要

Agaricus bisporus is the model fungus for the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment. Aside from its ecological role, A bisporus has been an important component of the human diet for over 200 y and worldwide cultivation of the "button mushroom" forms a multibillion dollar industry. We present two A bisporus genomes, their gene repertoires and transcript profiles on compost and during mushroom formation. The genomes encode a full repertoire of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes similar to that of wood-decayers. Comparative transcriptomics of mycelium grown on defined medium, casing-soil, and compost revealed genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan, cellulose, pectin, and protein degradation are more highly expressed in compost. The striking expansion of heme-thiolate peroxidases and β-etherases is distinctive from Agaricomycotina wood-decayers and suggests a broad attack on decaying lignin and related metabolites found in humic acid-rich environment. Similarly, up-regulation of these genes together with a lignolytic manganese peroxidase, multiple copper radical oxidases, and cytochrome P450s is consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates. The gene repertoire and expression of hydrolytic enzymes in A bisporus is substantially different from the taxonomically related ectomycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor. A common promoter motif was also identified in genes very highly expressed in humic-rich substrates. These observations reveal genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during plant degradation, further defining the critical role such fungi contribute to soil structure and carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. Genome sequence will expedite mushroom breeding for improved agronomic characteristics.
机译：双孢蘑菇是在富含腐殖质的叶子凋落物环境中适应，持久和生长的典范真菌。除了其生态作用外，双孢蘑菇已成为人类饮食200多年来的重要组成部分，全球种植“纽扣蘑菇”已构成数十亿美元的产业。我们介绍了两个双孢菌基因组，其堆肥和蘑菇形成期间的基因库和成绩单配置文件。基因组编码与木材腐烂菌相似的多糖降解酶的完整库。在确定的培养基，肠衣土壤和堆肥上生长的菌丝体的比较转录组学揭示了编码涉及木聚糖，纤维素，果胶和蛋白质降解的酶的基因在堆肥中更高的表达。血红素-硫醇盐过氧化物酶和β-醚酶的显着扩展与姬松藻木材腐烂剂不同，表明对富含腐殖酸的环境中发现的腐烂木质素和相关代谢产物的攻击广泛。类似地，这些基因与木质素锰过氧化物酶，多种铜自由基氧化酶和细胞色素P450一起上调与复杂的富含腐殖质的底物构成的挑战一致。双孢霉中的基因库和水解酶的表达与分类学上相关的外生菌根共生双色拉卡利亚菌有显着差异。在富含腐殖质的底物中高度表达的基因中也鉴定出了常见的启动子基序。这些观察结果揭示了遗传和酶促机制，这些机制控制着对植物降解过程中形成的富含腐殖质的生态位的适应，进一步确定了这种真菌对陆地生态系统中土壤结构和碳固存的重要作用。基因组序列将加快蘑菇育种，以改善农艺特性。

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  • 作者

    Emmanuelle Morin; Annegret Kohler; Adam R. Baker; Marie Foulongne-Oriol; Vincent Lombard; et al;

  • 作者单位

    Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 1136 Universite Henri Poincare, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, 54280 Champenoux, France;

    Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 1136 Universite Henri Poincare, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, 54280 Champenoux, France;

    University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom;

    Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1264 Mycologie et securite des aliments, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France;

    Aix-Marseille Universite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientif ique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7257, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    carbohydrate-active enzymes; humic substances; litter decay; wood decay fungi;

    机译：碳水化合物活性酶;腐殖质;凋落物腐烂木材腐烂真菌;

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