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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Colloidal crystals full of invisible vacancies
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Colloidal crystals full of invisible vacancies

机译：充满无形空位的胶体晶体

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All solids at finite temperatures contain point defects such as vacancies and interstitials. Even at very low concentrations, such defects have a pronounced effect on the transport properties (e.g., electronic) of otherwise pure crystals. However, the effect of point defects on the thermody-namic properties of crystals is small, simply because the mole-fraction of defects is low-at least, in one-component crystals. In fact, in most simple metallic and ionic crystals, but also in colloidal hard-sphere crystals, the vacancy fraction (i.e., the fraction of empty lattice sites) close to the melting transition is typically substantially less than one part in a thousand. The article by Smallenburg et al. (1) in PNAS presents an astounding simulation result: some colloidal crystals may have vacancy concentrations that are almost three orders of magnitude higher than what has been observed before in simple, one-component crystals.
机译：有限温度下的所有固体都包含点缺陷，例如空位和间隙。即使在非常低的浓度下，这样的缺陷也对原本纯净的晶体的传输性质（例如电子）具有明显的影响。但是，点缺陷对晶体的热力学性质的影响很小，这仅仅是因为缺陷的摩尔分数至少在单组分晶体中是低的。实际上，在大多数简单的金属和离子晶体中，以及在胶体硬球晶体中，接近熔融转变的空位分数（即，空晶格位的分数）通常基本上小于千分之一。 Smallenburg等人的文章。 （1）在PNAS中提供了令人震惊的模拟结果：某些胶体晶体的空位浓度可能比简单的单组分晶体中所观察到的空位浓度高出近三个数量级。

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