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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution
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Metabolic constraint imposes tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons in human evolution

机译：代谢限制在人类进化过程中在人体大小和大脑神经元数量之间进行权衡

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摘要

Despite a general trend for larger mammals to have larger brains, humans are the primates with the largest brain and number of neurons, but not the largest body mass. Why are great apes, the largest primates, not also those endowed with the largest brains? Recently, we showed that the energetic cost of the brain is a linear function of its numbers of neurons. Here we show that metabolic limitations that result from the number of hours available for feeding and the low caloric yield of raw foods impose a tradeoff between body size and number of brain neurons, which explains the small brain size of great apes compared with their large body size. This limitation was probably overcome in Homo erectus with the shift to a cooked diet. Absent the requirement to spend most available hours of the day feeding, the combination of newly freed time and a large number of brain neurons affordable on a cooked diet may thus have been a major positive driving force to the rapid increased in brain size in human evolution.
机译：尽管大型哺乳动物的大脑通常具有较大的发展趋势，但人类是具有最大大脑和神经元数量但不是最大体重的灵长类动物。为什么猿人是最大的灵长类动物，而不是那些拥有最大大脑的灵长类动物呢？最近，我们证明了大脑的能量消耗是其神经元数量的线性函数。在这里，我们表明，由于可喂食的小时数和生食的低热量产生的代谢限制在人体大小和大脑神经元数量之间做出了折衷，这解释了大猿猴的大脑大小与大人相比尺寸。通过直立饮食，直立人可能克服了这一局限性。由于无需花费一天中的大部分时间来进食，因此，新腾出的时间与煮熟饮食中可负担的大量脑神经元的结合可能是人类进化中脑大小迅速增加的主要积极动力。 。

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