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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Logic reversibility and thermodynamic irreversibility demonstrated by DNAzyme-based Toffoli and Fredkin logic gates
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Logic reversibility and thermodynamic irreversibility demonstrated by DNAzyme-based Toffoli and Fredkin logic gates

机译：基于DNAzyme的Toffoli和Fredkin逻辑门证明了逻辑可逆性和热力学不可逆性

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摘要

The Toffoli and Fredkin gates were suggested as a means to exhibit logic reversibility and thereby reduce energy dissipation associated with logic operations in dense computing circuits. We present a construction of the logically reversible Toffoli and Fredkin gates by implementing a library of predesigned Mg~(2+)-dependent DNAzymes and their respective substrates. Although the logical reversibility, for which each set of inputs uniquely correlates to a set of outputs, is demonstrated, the systems manifest thermodynamic irreversibility originating from two quite distinct and nonrelated phenomena. (ⅰ) The physical readout of the gates is by fluorescence that depletes the population of the final state of the machine. This irreversible, heat-releasing process is needed for the generation of the output. (ⅱ) The DNAzyme-powered logic gates are made to operate at a finite rate by invoking downhill energy-releasing processes. Even though the three bits of Toffoli's and Fredkin's logically reversible gates manifest thermodynamic irreversibility, we suggest that these gates could have important practical implication in future nanomedicine.
机译：建议使用Toffoli和Fredkin门作为展示逻辑可逆性的方法，从而减少与密集计算电路中的逻辑运算有关的能量消耗。我们通过实施预先设计的Mg〜（2+）依赖型DNAzyme及其各自的底物库，提出了逻辑可逆的Toffoli和Fredkin门的构造。尽管已证明了逻辑可逆性（每组输入唯一地与一组输出相关），但系统显示出源自两个非常不同且不相关的现象的热力学不可逆性。 （ⅰ）门的物理读数是通过荧光消耗的，该荧光消耗了机器最终状态的数量。为了产生输出，需要这种不可逆的散热过程。 （ⅱ）通过调用下坡能量释放过程，可以使由DNAzyme供电的逻辑门以有限的速率运行。即使Toffoli和Fredkin的三门逻辑可逆门表现出热力学不可逆性，我们建议这些门在未来的纳米医学中可能具有重要的实际意义。

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