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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839-2009
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Adapting North American wheat production to climatic challenges, 1839-2009

机译：1839-2009年使北美小麦生产适应气候挑战

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摘要

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that temperatures in the major grain-growing areas of North America will rise by 3-4℃ by 2100. Such abrupt changes will create major challenges, significantly altering the area suitable for wheat. The historical record offers insight into the capability of agriculture to adapt to climatic challenges. Using a new county-level dataset on wheat production and climate norms, we show that during the 19th and 20th centuries North American grain farmers pushed wheat production into environments once considered too arid, too variable, and too harsh to cultivate. As summary measures, the median annual precipitation norm of the 2007 distribution of North American wheat production was one-half that of the 1839 distribution, and the median annual temperature norm was 3.7 ℃ lower. This shift, which occurred mostly before 1929, required new biological technologies. The Green Revolution associated with the pioneering work of Norman Borlaug represented an important advance in this longer process of biological innovation. However, well before the Green Revolution, generations of North American farmers overcame significant climatic challenges.
机译：政府间气候变化专门委员会预计，到2100年，北美主要粮食种植地区的温度将升高3-4℃。这种突然的变化将带来重大挑战，大大改变了适合小麦种植的地区。历史记录提供了对农业适应气候挑战能力的见识。通过使用新的县级小麦产量和气候规范数据集，我们发现，在19世纪和20世纪，北美谷物种植者将小麦产量推入了曾经被认为过于干旱，变化多端，耕种条件恶劣的环境中。作为汇总措施，2007年北美小麦产量分布的中值年降水量标准为1839年分布的一半，而年平均温度值低3.7℃。这种转变主要发生在1929年之前，需要新的生物技术。与诺曼·博洛格（Norman Borlaug）的开创性工作相关的“绿色革命”代表了这一较长的生物创新过程中的重要进步。但是，在绿色革命之前，北美几代农民克服了重大的气候挑战。

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