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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Newly identified and diverse plastid-bearing branch on the eukaryotic tree of life
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Newly identified and diverse plastid-bearing branch on the eukaryotic tree of life

机译：真核生物树上新近发现且多样化的质体分支

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摘要

The use of molecular methods is altering our understanding of the microbial biosphere and the complexity of the tree of life. Here, we report a newly discovered uncultured plastid-bearing eukaryotic lineage named the rappemonads. Phytogenies using near-complete plastid ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operons demonstrate that this group represents an evolutionarily distinct lineage branching with hapto-phyte and cryptophyte algae. Environmental DNA sequencing revealed extensive diversity at North Atlantic North Pacific, and European freshwater sites, suggesting a broad ecophysiology and wide habitat distribution. Quantitative PCR analyses demonstrate that the rappemonads are often rare but can form transient blooms in the Sargasso Sea, where high 16S rRNA gene copies mL~(-1) were detected in late winter. This pattern is consistent with these microbes being a member of the rare biosphere, whose constituents have been proposed to play important roles under ecosystem change. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that cells from this unique lineage were 6.6 ± 1.2 × 5.7 ±1.0 μm, larger than numerically dominant open-ocean phytoplankton, and appear to contain two to four plastids. The rappemonads are unique, widespread, putatively photosynthetic algae that are absent from present-day ecosystem models and current versions of the tree of life.
机译：分子方法的使用正在改变我们对微生物生物圈和生命之树的复杂性的理解。在这里，我们报告了一种新近发现的未培养的质体真核世系，名为rappemonads。使用近乎完整的质体核糖体DNA（rDNA）操纵子的植物学研究表明，该组代表了一种由触藻和隐藻构成的进化上独特的谱系分支。环境DNA测序揭示了北大西洋北太平洋和欧洲淡水站点的广泛多样性，表明其广泛的生态生理和广泛的栖息地分布。定量PCR分析表明，垂尾藻通常很少见，但可以在Sargasso海中形成短暂的水华，在冬末发现了高16S rRNA基因拷贝mL〜（-1）。这种模式与这些微生物是稀有生物圈的成员是一致的，有人提出其成分在生态系统变化中起着重要作用。荧光原位杂交显示，来自这个独特谱系的细胞为6.6±1.2×5.7±1.0μm，大于在数值上占优势的开放性海洋浮游植物，并且似乎包含2至4个质体。斜纹藻是独特的，广泛的，假定的光合藻类，是当今生态系统模型和生命树的当前版本所没有的。

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