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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape
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Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape

机译：葡萄的遗传结构和驯化史

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摘要

The grape is one of the earliest domesticated fruit crops and, since antiquity, it has been widely cultivated and prized for its fruit and wine. Here, we characterize genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in over 1,000 samples of the domesticated grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, and its wild relative, V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris from the US Department of Agriculture grape germ-plasm collection. We find support for a Near East origin of vinifera and present evidence of introgression from local sylvestris as the grape moved into Europe. High levels of genetic diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay have been maintained in vinifera, which is consistent with a weak domestication bottleneck followed by thousands of years of widespread vegetative propagation. The considerable genetic diversity within vinifera, however, is contained within a complex network of close pedigree relationships that has been generated by crosses among elite cul-tivars. We show that first-degree relationships are rare between wine and table grapes and among grapes from geographically distant regions. Our results suggest that although substantial genetic diversity has been maintained in the grape subsequent to domestication, there has been a limited exploration of this diversity. We propose that the adoption of vegetative propagation was a double-edged sword: Although it provided a benefit by ensuring true breeding cultivars, it also discouraged the generation of unique cultivars through crosses. The grape currently faces severe pathogen pressures, and the long-term sustainability of the grape and wine industries will rely on the exploitation of the grape's tremendous natural genetic diversity.
机译：葡萄是最早的驯化水果作物之一，自古以来就因其水果和葡萄酒而被广泛种植和珍视。在这里，我们表征了超过1,000个驯化葡萄Vitis vinifera亚种样品的全基因组遗传变异模式。葡萄及其野生近缘种。樟子松来自美国农业部葡萄种质资源收集处。我们找到了支持近东起源的葡萄的证据，并提供了当葡萄迁入欧洲时当地樟子松渗入的证据。长春藤中保持了高水平的遗传多样性和快速连锁不平衡（LD）衰减，这与驯化瓶颈薄弱，随后数千年的无性植物繁殖相一致。然而，葡萄中大量的遗传多样性被包含在一个紧密的血统关系的复杂网络中，这种网络是由精英宗族之间的杂交产生的。我们表明，葡萄酒和食用葡萄之间以及地理上较远地区的葡萄之间，一级关系很少见。我们的研究结果表明，尽管驯化后葡萄中保持了相当大的遗传多样性，但对这种多样性的探索却很有限。我们建议采用无性繁殖是一把双刃剑：尽管通过确保真正的育种品种提供了好处，但它也阻止了通过杂交产生独特品种。葡萄目前面临着巨大的病原体压力，葡萄和葡萄酒产业的长期可持续性将取决于对葡萄巨大的自然遗传多样性的利用。

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    Sean Myles; Adam R. Boyko; Christopher L. Owens; Patrick J. Brown; Fabrizio Grassi; Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya; Bernard Prins; Andy Reynolds; Jer-Ming Chia; Doreen Ware; Carlos D. Bustamante; Edward S. Buckler;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6 Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3;

    Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;

    Grape Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456;

    Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;

    Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;

    National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;

    National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;

    Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;

    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724;

    Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6 Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3;

    Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6 Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3;

    Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6 Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    genomics; SNP array; positive selection; genome-wide association;

    机译：基因组学SNP阵列;正选择;全基因组关联;

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