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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Natural selection stops the evolution of male attractiveness
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Natural selection stops the evolution of male attractiveness

机译：自然选择阻止了男性魅力的演变

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Sexual selection in natural populations acts on highly heritable traits and tends to be relatively strong, implicating sexual selection as a causal agent in many phenotypic radiations. Sexual selection appears to be ineffectual in promoting phenotypic divergence among contemporary natural populations, however, and there is little evidence from artificial selection experiments that sexual fitness can evolve. Here, we demonstrate that a multivariate male trait preferred by Drosophila serrata females can respond to selection and results in the maintenance of male mating success. The response to selection was associated with a gene of major effect increasing in frequency from 12 to 35% in seven generations. No further response to selection, or increase in frequency of the major gene, was observed between generations 7 and 11, indicating an evolutionary limit had been reached. Genetic analyses excluded both depletion of genetic variation and overdominance as causes of the evolutionary limit. Relaxing artificial selection resulted in the loss of 52% of the selection response after a further five generations, demonstrating that the response under artificial sexual selection was opposed by antagonistic natural selection. We conclude that male D. serrata sexually selected traits, and attractiveness to D. serrata females conferred by these traits, were held at an evolutionary limit by the lack of genetic variation that would allow an increase in sexual fitness while simultaneously maintaining non-sexual fitness. Our results suggest that sexual selection is unlikely to cause divergence among natural populations without a concomitant change in natural selection, a conclusion consistent with observational evidence from natural populations.
机译：自然种群中的性别选择具有高度可遗传的性状，并且往往相对较强，这暗示着性别选择是许多表型辐射的原因。性选择似乎不能促进当代自然种群之间的表型差异，但是，人工选择实验几乎没有证据表明性适应可以进化。在这里，我们证明了果蝇锯齿夜蛾雌性首选的多变量男性性状可以响应选择并维持雄性交配成功。对选择的反应与一个主要作用的基因在七代中频率从12％增加到35％有关。在第7代和第11代之间未观察到对选择或主要基因频率增加的进一步反应，表明已达到进化极限。遗传分析排除了遗传变异的耗竭和过度进化作为进化极限的原因。放松的人工选择导致了另外五代后丧失了52％的选择反应，这表明人工性选择下的反应被拮抗的自然选择所抵制。我们得出的结论是，由于缺乏遗传变异，雄性锯齿蟹的性选择特征以及对这些特性所赋予的对锯齿雌性鱼的吸引力一直处于进化的极限，这种遗传变异会增加性适应度，同时又保持非性适应性。我们的结果表明，如果不伴随自然选择的改变，性别选择就不可能引起自然种群之间的差异，这一结论与自然种群的观察证据一致。

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