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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Development of an artificial cell, from self-organization to computation and self-reproduction
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Development of an artificial cell, from self-organization to computation and self-reproduction

机译：从自组织到计算和自我复制的人造细胞的开发

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摘要

This article describes the state and the development of an artificial cell project. We discuss the experimental constraints to synthesize the most elementary cell-sized compartment that can self-reproduce using synthetic genetic information. The original idea was to program a phospholipid vesicle with DNA. Based on this idea, it was shown that in vitro gene expression could be carried out inside cell-sized synthetic vesicles. It was also shown that a couple of genes could be expressed for a few days inside the vesicles once the exchanges of nutrients with the outside environment were adequately introduced. The development of a cell-free transcription/translation toolbox allows the expression of a large number of genes with multiple transcription factors. As a result, the development of a synthetic DNA program is becoming one of the main hurdles. We discuss the various possibilities to enrich and to replicate this program. Defining a program for self-reproduction remains a difficult question as nongenetic processes, such as molecular self-organization, play an essential and complementary role. The synthesis of a stable compartment with an active interface, one of the critical bottlenecks in the synthesis of artificial cell, depends on the properties of phospholipid membranes. The problem of a self-replicating artificial cell is a long-lasting goal that might imply evolution experiments.
机译：本文介绍了人工细胞项目的状态和发展。我们讨论了合成最基本的细胞大小区室的实验约束，该区室可以使用合成遗传信息进行自我繁殖。最初的想法是用DNA编程磷脂囊泡。基于该想法，表明可以在细胞大小的合成囊泡内进行体外基因表达。还表明，一旦充分引入了与外界环境的营养交换，就可以在囊泡中几天表达一些基因。无细胞转录/翻译工具箱的开发允许表达具有多种转录因子的大量基因。结果，合成DNA程序的开发正成为主要障碍之一。我们讨论了丰富和复制此程序的各种可能性。定义自我复制程序仍然是一个难题，因为非遗传过程（例如分子自组织）起着必不可少的互补作用。具有活性界面的稳定区室的合成是人工细胞合成中的关键瓶颈之一，取决于磷脂膜的性质。自复制人工细胞的问题是一个长期目标，可能暗示着进化实验。

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