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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of modern range loss in large mammals
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Anthropogenic and environmental drivers of modern range loss in large mammals

机译：大型哺乳动物现代范围丧失的人为和环境驱动因素

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The extinction of a species is inevitably preceded by the extirpation of a series of local populations. Ecological theory predicts that vulnerability to extirpation varies between populations and is ultimately linked to environmental heterogeneity. If populations of a species are present in multiple regions separated by abrupt changes in environmental conditions (e.g., biomes), spatial variation in vulnerability to extirpation may be closely linked to the distribution of these regions. In the absence of abrupt shifts in environmental conditions, populations at the edge of a species' range should have low growth rates and be more vulnerable to extirpation, whereas populations located in the core of the species' range should be exposed to more favorable environmental conditions, have higher growth rates, and be less vulnerable. Here, we ask whether the distribution of biomes or range position better reflects spatial variation in vulnerability for 43 mammal species distributed through four continents. We control for the distribution of human threats and quantify the importance of protected areas in population persistence. We conclude that the distribution of biomes is a better predictor of vulnerability than position in the geographic range. We also find that core populations are less vulnerable than edge populations (after controlling for threats levels and protected areas). Protected areas are important for the persistence of most species we studied. By providing a measure of vulnerability linked directly to the distribution of threats, our results offer insights for scaling up from species vulnerability to extinction risk.
机译：一个物种的灭绝不可避免地是一系列物种的灭绝。生态学理论预测，种群灭绝的脆弱性因人而异，并最终与环境异质性相关。如果物种的种群存在于环境条件（例如生物群落）的突然变化所分隔的多个区域中，则对物种灭绝的脆弱性的空间变化可能与这些区域的分布紧密相关。在没有环境条件突然变化的情况下，处于物种范围边缘的种群应具有较低的生长速率，并且更容易被灭绝，而处于物种范围核心的种群应处于更有利的环境条件下，具有较高的增长率，并且不那么脆弱。在这里，我们问生物群系或范围位置的分布是否更好地反映了分布在四大洲的43种哺乳动物的脆弱性的空间变化。我们控制着人类威胁的分布，并量化了保护区在人口持久性中的重要性。我们得出的结论是，与地理区域中的位置相比，生物群落的分布更好地预测了脆弱性。我们还发现（在控制了威胁级别和保护区之后）核心人群比边缘人群的脆弱性要小。保护区对于我们研究的大多数物种的持久性很重要。通过提供与威胁分布直接相关的脆弱性度量，我们的结果为从物种脆弱性到灭绝风险的扩大提供了见识。

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