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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Differentiation of the maize subgenomes by genome dominance and both ancient and ongoing gene loss
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Differentiation of the maize subgenomes by genome dominance and both ancient and ongoing gene loss

机译：通过基因组优势以及古代和正在进行的基因损失区分玉米亚基因组

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摘要

Ancient tetraploidies are found throughout the eukaryotes. After duplication, one copy of each duplicate gene pair tends to be lost (fractionate). For all studied tetraploidies, the loss of duplicated genes, known as homeologs, homoeologs, ohnologs, or syntenic paralogs, is uneven between duplicate regions. In maize, a species that experienced a tetraploidy 5-12 million years ago, we show that in addition to uneven ancient gene loss, the two complete genomes contained within maize are differentiated by ongoing fractionation among diverse inbreds as well as by a pattern of overexpression of genes from the genome that has experienced less gene loss. These expression differences are consistent over a range of experiments quantifying RNA abundance in different tissues. We propose that the universal bias in gene loss between the genomes of this ancient tetraploid, and perhaps all tetraploids, is the result of selection against loss of the gene responsible for the majority of total expression for a duplicate gene pair. Although the tetraploidy of maize is ancient, biased gene loss and expression continue today and explain, at least in part, the remarkable genetic diversity found among modern maize cultivars.
机译：在整个真核生物中发现了古代四倍体。重复后，每个重复基因对的一个副本往往会丢失（分级）。对于所有研究的四倍体，在重复区域之间，被称为同系物，同系物，同源物或同系旁系同源物的重复基因的丢失是不均匀的。在玉米中，该物种经历了5-12百万年前的四倍体，我们表明，除了古老的基因损失不均匀外，玉米中所含的两个完整基因组还通过不同自交系之间的持续分级分离以及过表达模式进行区分。来自基因组的基因损失较少的基因。这些表达差异在定量不同组织中RNA丰度的一系列实验中是一致的。我们提出，这个古老的四倍体（也许是所有四倍体）的基因组之间的基因丢失普遍偏见是针对针对一个重复基因对的总表达的大部分的基因丢失进行选择的结果。尽管玉米的四倍体是古老的，但是有偏向的基因丢失和表达在今天仍在继续，至少部分解释了现代玉米品种中发现的显着遗传多样性。

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