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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Subjective and objective learning effects dissociate in space and in time
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Subjective and objective learning effects dissociate in space and in time

机译：主观和客观学习效果在空间和时间上是不相关的

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摘要

Perceptual learning not only improves sensitivity, but it also changes our subjective experience. However, the question of how these two learning effects relate is largely unexplored. Here we investigate how subjects learn to see initially indiscriminable metacontrast-masked shapes. We find that sensitivity and subjective awareness increase with training. However, sensitivity and subjective awareness dissociate in space: Learning effects on performance are lost when the task is performed at an untrained location in another quadrant, whereas learning effects on subjective awareness are maintained. This finding indicates that improvements in shape sensitivity involve visual areas up to V4, whereas changes in subjective awareness involve other brain regions. Furthermore, subjective awareness dissociates from sensitivity in time: In an early phase of perceptual learning, subjects perform above chance on trials that they rate as subjectively invisible. Later, this phenomenon disappears. Subjective awareness is thus neither necessary nor sufficient for achieving above-chance objective performance.
机译：感知学习不仅可以提高敏感性，还可以改变我们的主观体验。但是，这两个学习效果如何相关的问题在很大程度上尚待探讨。在这里，我们研究了对象如何学会观察最初看不到的，对比鲜明的，遮盖了形状的形状。我们发现，随着训练的进行，敏感性和主观意识会增加。但是，敏感性和主观意识在空间上是分离的：当任务在另一个象限中未经训练的位置执行时，对性能的学习效果就会消失，而对主观意识的学习效果却会保持不变。这一发现表明，形状敏感性的改善涉及到V4以下的视觉区域，而主观意识的改变涉及其他大脑区域。此外，主观意识在时间上与敏感性脱节：在感知学习的早期阶段，受试者在试验中表现出较高的机会，他们将其视为主观上看不见。后来，这种现象消失了。因此，主观意识对于实现超越目标的表现既不是必需的也不是足够的。

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