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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm
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Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm

机译：热带泥炭地向油棕转化的遥感证据

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Rising global demands for food and biof uels are driving forest clearance in the tropics. Oil-palm expansion contributes to biodiversity declines and carbon emissions in Southeast Asia. However, the magnitudes of these impacts remain largely unquantified until now. We produce a 250-m spatial resolution map of closed canopy oil-palm plantations in the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia (2 million ha), Borneo (2.4 million ha), and Sumatra (3.9 million ha). We demonstrate that 6% (or ≈880.000 ha) of tropical peatlands in the region had been converted to oil-palm plantations by the early 2000s. Conversion of peatswamp forests to oil palm led to biodiversity declines of 1 % in Borneo (equivalent to four species of forestdwelling birds), 3.4% in Sumatra (16 species), and 12.1% in Peninsular Malaysia (46 species). This land-use change also contributed to the loss of ≈140 million Mg of aboveground biomass carbon, and annual emissions of≈4.6 million Mg of belowground carbon from peat oxidation. Additionally, the loss of peatswamp forests implies the loss of carbon sequestration service through peat accumulation, which amounts to≈660,000 Mg of carbon annually. By 2010, 2.3 million ha of peatswamp forests were clear-felled, and currently occur as degraded lands. Reforestation of these clearings could enhance biodiversity by up to ≈20%, whereas oil-palm establishment would exacerbate species losses by up to≈12%. To safeguard the region's biodiversity and carbon stocks, conservation and reforestation efforts should target Central Kalimantan, Riau, and West Kalimantan, which retain three-quarters (3.9 million ha) of the remaining peatswamp forests in Southeast Asia.
机译：全球对食物和生物燃料的需求不断增长，正在推动热带地区的森林砍伐。油棕的扩展导致东南亚生物多样性的下降和碳排放。但是，到目前为止，这些影响的严重程度仍未确定。我们在马来西亚半岛（200万公顷），婆罗洲（240万公顷）和苏门答腊（390万公顷）的低地上制作了250米的封闭冠层油棕种植园的空间分辨率地图。我们证明，到2000年代初，该地区6％的热带泥炭地（约≈880.000公顷）已转变为油棕种植园。泥炭沼泽森林向油棕的转化导致婆罗洲的生物多样性下降了1％（相当于四种林木鸟类），苏门答腊岛的生物多样性下降了3.4％（16种），马来西亚半岛的生物多样性下降了12.1％（46种）。这种土地利用方式的变化还导致泥炭氧化损失了约1.4亿兆克的地上生物量碳，每年排放了约460万兆克的地上碳。此外，泥炭沼泽森林的丧失意味着通过泥炭积累而造成的碳固存服务的损失，每年相当于约660,000 Mg碳。到2010年，有230万公顷的泥炭沼泽森林被砍伐，目前是退化土地。这些砍伐森林的重新造林可使生物多样性提高约20％，而油棕的建立将使物种丧失加剧约12％。为了保护该地区的生物多样性和碳储量，保护和重新造林工作应针对加里曼丹中部，廖内和西加里曼丹，这些地区在东南亚剩余的泥炭沼泽森林中占四分之三（390万公顷）。

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