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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Multiple mating and its relationship to brood size in pregnant fishes versus pregnant mammals and other viviparous vertebrates
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Multiple mating and its relationship to brood size in pregnant fishes versus pregnant mammals and other viviparous vertebrates

机译：怀孕鱼类与怀孕哺乳动物和其他胎生脊椎动物的多重交配及其与亲鱼大小的关系

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We summarize the literature on rates of multiple paternity and sire numbers per clutch in viviparous fishes vs. mammals, two vertebrate groups in which pregnancy is common but entails very different numbers of embryos (for species surveyed, piscine broods averaged > 10-fold larger than mammalian litters). As deduced from genetic parentage analyses, multiple mating by the pregnant sex proved to be common in assayed species but averaged significantly higher in fish than mammals. However, within either of these groups we found no significant correlations between brood size and genetically deduced incidence of multiple mating by females. Overall, these findings offer little support for the hypothesis that clutch size in pregnant species predicts the outcome of selection for multiple mating by brooders. Instead, whatever factors promote multiple mating by members of the gestating sex seem to do so in surprisingly similar ways in live-bearing vertebrates otherwise as different as fish and mammals. Similar conclusions emerged when we extended the survey to viviparous amphibians and reptiles. One notion consistent with these empirical observations is that although several fitness benefits probably accrue from multiple mating, logistical constraints on mate-encounter rates routinely truncate multiple mating far below levels that otherwise could be accommodated, especially in species with larger broods. We develop this concept into a "logistical constraint hypothesis" that may help to explain these mating outcomes in viviparous vertebrates. Under the logistical constraint hypothesis, propensities for multiple mating in each species register a balance between near-universal fitness benefits from multiple mating and species-idiosyncratic logistical limits on polygamy.
机译：我们总结了有关胎生鱼类与哺乳动物的两个离合器中每个父本的多个父系和父系数量的比率的文献，两个脊椎动物群体中妊娠很常见，但胚胎数量却大不相同（对于所调查的物种，鱼类育成的平均育成大于哺乳动物的垃圾）。从遗传亲缘关系分析中推论，事实证明，怀孕性别的多次交配在被测物种中很常见，但在鱼类中的平均交配率明显高于哺乳动物。然而，在这两个组中，我们都没有发现雌性多胎交配与育雏数量之间有显着相关性。总体而言，这些发现几乎没有为以下假设提供支持：怀孕物种中的离合器大小可预测育雏者进行多次交配的结果。取而代之的是，无论什么因素促使妊娠性别成员进行多次交配，似乎在活着的脊椎动物中以惊人的相似方式进行，否则与鱼类和哺乳动物不同。当我们将调查范围扩大到胎生两栖动物和爬行动物时，得出了类似的结论。与这些经验观察结果一致的一个观点是，尽管多次交配可能会带来一些适应性好处，但对交配率的后勤限制通常将多次交配截断为远低于本来可以容纳的水平，尤其是在具有较大亲鱼的物种中。我们将此概念发展为“后勤约束假说”，这可能有助于解释这些在胎生脊椎动物中的交配结果。在后勤约束假说下，每个物种中多次交配的倾向在多重交配的近乎普遍适应性收益与一夫多妻制的物种特有后勤限制之间取得了平衡。

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