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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Flowers of Cypripedium fargesii (Orchidaceae) fool flat-footed flies (Platypezidae) by faking fungus-infected foliage
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Flowers of Cypripedium fargesii (Orchidaceae) fool flat-footed flies (Platypezidae) by faking fungus-infected foliage

机译：伪造真菌感染的叶子使far兰（Cypripedium fargesii）（兰科）的花朵愚弄了单足蝇（Platypezidae）。

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摘要

Charles Darwin was fascinated by the orchid-pollinator interactions, but he did not realize that many orchid species are pollinated by deceit. Cypripedium. a model lineage of nonrewarding orchid flowers, is pollinated primarily by bees. Here we present both an example of floral mimesis of fungus-infected foliage in orchids and an example of flat-footed flies (Agathomyia sp.; Platypezidae) as pollen vectors for angiosperms. Cypripedium fargesii is a nectarless, terrestrial, endangered orchid from southwestern China that requires cross-pollination to produce the maximum number of viable embryos. All insects caught entering or leaving the labellum sac were Agathomyia sp. carrying conidia of Clado-sporium sp. on their mouthparts and legs, suggesting mycophagy. Blackish hairy spots on the upper surface of foliage may imitate black mold spots, serving as short-term visual lures. Some odor molecules also associated with Cladosporium cultures were isolated in the floral scent. Mimesis of fungus-infected foliage probably represents an overlooked but important option in angiosperm diversification, because there are three to five more Cypripedium spp. in southwestern China with the same mode of floral presentation and black-spotted hairy leaves.
机译：查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）着迷于兰花与授粉媒介的相互作用，但他没有意识到许多兰花因欺骗而授粉。兰。无奖励兰花花的典型血统，主要是由蜜蜂授粉的。在这里，我们既介绍了兰花被真菌感染的叶子的花香模仿的例子，又举例了作为被子植物花粉载体的扁平足蝇（Agathomyia sp。； Platypezidae）的例子。 Fargesii pri兰（Cypripedium fargesii）是一种来自中国西南地区的无花蜜，陆地，濒临灭绝的兰花，需要异花授粉才能产生最大数量的活胚。所有进入或离开白斑囊的昆虫均为Agathomyia sp.。携带Clado-sporium sp。的分生孢子。在他们的口器和腿上，提示有吞噬作用。叶子上表面的黑色毛状斑点可能会模仿黑色霉斑，成为短期的视觉诱饵。在花香中分离出一些也与枝孢菌培养有关的气味分子。真菌感染的叶子的模仿模仿可能代表被子植物多样化中的一个被忽略但重要的选择，因为还有三到五个five兰属。在中国西南部，具有相同的花样表现和黑色斑点的多毛叶子模式。

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  • 作者

    Zong-Xin Ren; De-Zhu Li; Peter Bernhardt; Hong Wang;

  • 作者单位

    Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography and Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography and Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China;

    Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103;

    Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography and Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    deceptive pollination; mimicry;

    机译：欺骗性授粉;模仿;

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