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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infectious fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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Coincident mass extirpation of neotropical amphibians with the emergence of the infectious fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

机译：新热带两栖动物的同时大量​​消灭与传染性真菌病原体巴氏梭菌

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摘要

Amphibians highlight the global biodiversity crisis because ～40% of all amphibian species are currently in decline. Species have disappeared even in protected habitats (e.g., the enigmatic extinction of the golden toad, Bufo periglenes, from Costa Rica). The emergence of a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated in a number of declines that have occurred in the last decade, but few studies have been able to test retroactively whether Bd emergence was linked to earlier declines and extinctions. We describe a noninvasive PCR sampling technique that detects Bd in formalin-preserved museum specimens. We detected Bd by PCR in 83-90% (n = 38) of samples that were identified as positive by histology. We examined specimens collected before, during, and after major amphibian decline events at established study sites in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. A pattern of Bd emergence coincident with decline at these localities is revealed—the absence of Bd over multiple years at all localities followed by the concurrent emergence of Bd in various species at each locality during a period of population decline. The geographical and chronological emergence of Bd at these localities also indicates a southbound spread from southern Mexico in the early 1970s to western Guatemala in the 1980s/1990s and to Monteverde, Costa Rica by 1987. We find evidence of a historical "Bd epidemic wave" that began in Mexico and subsequently spread to Central America. We describe a technique that can be used to screen museum specimens from other amphibian decline sites around the world.
机译：两栖动物突显了全球生物多样性危机，因为目前约有40％的两栖动物物种正在减少。物种甚至在受保护的栖息地中都已消失（例如，来自哥斯达黎加的金蟾蜍Bufo periglenes的神秘灭绝）。在过去的十年中，真菌病原体巴氏梭菌（Badchochochytrium dendrobatidis，Bd）的出现与许多下降有关，但很少有研究能够追溯性地检测出Bd的出现是否与早期的下降和灭绝有关。我们描述了一种无创PCR采样技术，该技术可检测福尔马林保存的博物馆标本中的Bd。我们通过PCR在83％至90％（n = 38）的组织学鉴定为阳性的样本中检测到了Bd。我们检查了在墨西哥南部，危地马拉和哥斯达黎加建立的研究地点在重大两栖动物下降事件发生之前，之中和之后收集的标本。揭示了这些地方Bd的出现与下降同时发生的一种模式-在所有地方，多年来都没有Bd的出现，随后在人口减少期间，每个地方的各种物种中Bd同时出现。 d在这些地方的地理和年代顺序上的出现也表明，从1970年代初的墨西哥南部到危地马拉的西部，在1980年代/ 1990年代，到1987年的哥斯达黎加的蒙特维德，向南扩散。我们发现了历史性的“ B流行病”的证据。它始于墨西哥，然后传播到中美洲。我们描述了一种可用于筛选来自世界各地其他两栖动物衰落地点的博物馆标本的技术。

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  • 作者

    Tina L. Cheng; Sean M. Rovrto; David B. Wake; Vance T. Vredenburg;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132-1722;

    Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160;

    Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160;

    Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132-1722,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    chytridiomycosis; emerging infectious disease; epizootic;

    机译：乳糜菌;新兴传染病;流行的;

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