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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Jellyfish blooms result in a major microbial respiratory sink of carbon in marine systems
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Jellyfish blooms result in a major microbial respiratory sink of carbon in marine systems

机译：水母的大量繁殖导致海洋系统中主要的微生物呼吸碳汇

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Jellyfish blooms occur in many estuarine and coastal regions and may be increasing in their magnitude and extent worldwide. Voracious jellyfish predation impacts food webs by converting large quantities of carbon (C), fixed by primary producers and consumed by secondary producers, into gelatinous biomass, which restricts C transfer to higher trophic levels because jellyfish are not readily consumed by other predators. In addition, jellyfish release colloidal and dissolved organic matter (jelly-DOM), and could further influence the functioning of coastal systems by altering microbial nutrient and DOM pathways, yet the links between jellyfish and bacterioplankton metabolism and community structure are unknown. Here we report that jellyfish released substantial quantities of extremely labile C-rich DOM, relative to nitrogen (25.6 ± 31.6 C:1N), which was quickly metabolized by bacterioplankton at uptake rates two to six times that of bulk DOM pools. When jelly-DOM was consumed it was shunted toward bacterial respiration rather than production, significantly reducing bacterial growth efficiencies by 10% to 15%. Jelly-DOM also favored the rapid growth and dominance of specific bacterial phylogenetic groups (primarily y-proteobacteria) that were rare in ambient waters, implying that jelly-DOM was channeled through a small component of the in situ microbial assemblage and thus induced large changes in community composition. Our findings suggest major shifts in microbial structure and function associated with jellyfish blooms, and a large detour of C toward bacterial CO_2 production and away from higher trophic levels. These results further suggest fundamental transformations in the biogeochemical functioning and biological structure of food webs associated with jellyfish blooms.
机译：在许多河口和沿海地区都会出现水母泛滥的现象，并且在全球范围内其数量和范围可能正在增加。贪婪的水母捕食将主要生产者固定并由次要生产者消耗的大量碳（C）转化为凝胶状生物质，从而影响了食物网，这将C的转移限制在较高的营养水平，因为水母不易被其他捕食者消耗。此外，水母释放胶体和溶解的有机物（水母-DOM），并可能通过改变微生物营养和DOM途径进一步影响沿海系统的功能，但水母与浮游细菌代谢和群落结构之间的联系尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告说，水母释放出大量的极不稳定的富含C的DOM，相对于氮（25.6±31.6 C：1N），其被浮游细菌迅速代谢，吸收速度是散装DOM池的2至6倍。食用果冻DOM时，它会转向细菌呼吸而不是产生细菌，从而显着降低细菌生长效率10％至15％。果冻DOM还支持特定细菌系统发生群（主要是y变形杆菌）的快速生长和优势，而这些细菌系统发生群在周围水域中很少见，这意味着果冻DOM通过原位微生物组合的一小部分引导并因此引起了较大的变化在社区组成中。我们的发现表明，与海ly开花有关的微生物结构和功能发生了重大变化，碳向细菌CO_2的产生和远离较高营养水平的方向大幅走弯。这些结果进一步表明，与海ly开花有关的食物网的生物地球化学功能和生物学结构发生了根本性转变。

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