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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The human visual system's assumption that light comes from above is weak
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The human visual system's assumption that light comes from above is weak

机译：人类视觉系统对光线来自上方的假设是微弱的

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摘要

Every biological or artificial visual system faces the problem that images are highly ambiguous, in the sense that every image depicts an infinite number of possible 3D arrangements of shapes, surface colors, and light sources. When estimating 3D shape from shading, the human visual system partly resolves this ambiguity by relying on the light-from-above prior, an assumption that light comes from overhead. However, light comes from overhead only on average, and most images contain visual information that contradicts the light-from-above prior, such as' shadows indicating oblique lighting. How does the human visual system perceive 3D shape when there are contradictions between what it assumes and what it sees? Here we show that the visual system combines the light-from-above prior with visual lighting cues using an efficient statistical strategy that assigns a weight to the prior and to the cues and finds a maximum-likelihood lighting direction estimate that is a compromise between the two. The prior receives surprisingly little weight and can be overridden by lighting cues that are barely perceptible. Thus, the light-from-above prior plays a much more limited role in shape perception than previously thought and instead human vision relies heavily on lighting cues to recover 3D shape. These findings also support the notion that the visual system efficiently integrates priors with cues to solve the difficult problem of recovering 3D shape from 2D images.
机译：每个生物或人工视觉系统都面临图像高度模糊的问题，从某种意义上说，每个图像都描绘了形状，表面颜色和光源的无限可能的3D排列。当从阴影中估计3D形状时，人类视觉系统通过依赖于上方的光线（即光线来自头顶的假设）部分解决了这种歧义。但是，光平均仅来自头顶，并且大多数图像包含的视觉信息与来自上方的光相矛盾，例如“阴影指示倾斜的照明”。当人类视觉系统的假设与所见之间存在矛盾时，它如何感知3D形状？在这里，我们展示了视觉系统使用有效的统计策略，将先验光与视觉照明线索相结合，该策略将权重分配给先验线索和线索，并找到最大似然照明方向估计值，该估计值是两者之间的折衷方案。二。先验的重量极少，并且可以被几乎看不到的照明提示所取代。因此，从前发出的光在形状感知方面的作用比以前认为的要有限得多，相反，人类视觉在很大程度上依赖照明提示来恢复3D形状。这些发现还支持以下观点：视觉系统将先验先验与线索有效地集成在一起，以解决从2D图像恢复3D形状这一难题。

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