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Predictive model for sustaining biodiversity in tropical countryside

机译：热带乡村维持生物多样性的预测模型

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Growing demand for food, fuel, and fiber is driving the intensification and expansion of agricultural land through a corresponding displacement of native woodland, savanna, and shrubland. In the wake of this displacement, it is clear that farmland can support biodiversity through preservation of important ecosystem elements at a fine scale. However, how much biodiversity can be sustained and with what tradeoffs for production are open questions. Using a well-studied tropical ecosystem in Costa Rica, we develop an empirically based model for quantifying the "wildlife-friendliness" of farmland for native birds. Some 80% of the 166 mist-netted species depend on fine-scale countryside forest elements (<60-m-wide clusters of trees, typically of variable length and width) that weave through farmland along hilltops, valleys, rivers, roads, and property borders. Our model predicts with ~75% accuracy the bird community composition of any part of the landscape. We find conservation value in small (<20 m wide) clusters of trees and somewhat larger (<60 m wide) forest remnants to provide substantial support for biodiversity beyond the borders of tropical forest reserves. Within the study area, forest elements on farms nearly double the effective size of the local forest reserve, providing seminatural habitats for bird species typically associated with the forest. Our findings provide a basis for estimating and sustaining biodiversity in farming systems through managing fine-scale ecosystem elements and, more broadly, informing ecosystem service analyses, biodiversity action plans, and regional land use strategies.
机译：对食物，燃料和纤维的需求不断增长，通过相应的原生林地，稀树草原和灌木地的迁移，推动了农业用地的集约化和扩张。在这种流离失所之后，很明显，农田可以通过大规模保存重要的生态系统要素来支持生物多样性。但是，可以维持多少生物多样性以及如何权衡生产是一个悬而未决的问题。利用哥斯达黎加经过深入研究的热带生态系统，我们开发了一个基于经验的模型来量化农田对本地鸟类的“野生动植物友好性”。在166个雾状网状物种中，约80％依赖于沿山顶，山谷，河流，道路和农田穿过农田的精细乡村森林元素（<60米宽的树丛，通常具有不同的长度和宽度）。财产边界。我们的模型以〜75％的精度预测景观任何部分的鸟类群落组成。我们发现小（<20 m宽）的树木丛集和稍大（<60 m宽）的森林残余物具有保护价值，为热带森林保护区以外的生物多样性提供了实质性支持。在研究区域内，农场的森林元素几乎是当地森林保护区有效面积的两倍，为通常与森林有关的鸟类提供了半自然的栖息地。我们的发现为通过管理精细的生态系统要素，更广泛地为生态系统服务分析，生物多样性行动计划和区域土地使用策略提供信息，为估算和维持农业系统中的生物多样性提供了基础。

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