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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain
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Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain

机译：人脑中高级语言处理的功能特异性

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Neuroscientists have debated for centuries whether some regions of the human brain are selectively engaged in specific high-level mental functions or whether, instead, cognition is implemented in multifunctional brain regions. For the critical case of language, conflicting answers arise from the neuropsychological literature, which features striking dissociations between deficits in linguistic and nonlinguistic abilities, vs. the neuroimaging literature, which has argued for overlap between activations for linguistic and nonlinguistic processes, including arithmetic, domain general abilities like cognitive control, and music. Here, we use functional MRI to define classic language regions functionally in each subject individually and then examine the response of these regions to the nonlinguistic functions most commonly argued to engage these regions: arithmetic, working memory, cognitive control, and music. We find little or no response in language regions to these nonlinguistic functions. These data support a clear distinction between language and other cognitive processes, resolving the prior conflict between the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literatures.
机译：神经科学家争论了几个世纪以来，人类大脑的某些区域是否选择性地参与了特定的高级心理功能，或者是否在多功能大脑区域中实现了认知。对于语言的关键案例，神经心理学文献提出了矛盾的答案，神经心理学文献的特征是语言能力和非语言能力的不足之间的显着分离，而神经影像文学认为语言和非语言过程的激活之间存在重叠，包括算术，领域一般能力，例如认知控制和音乐。在这里，我们使用功能MRI在每个主题中分别功能性地定义经典语言区域，然后检查这些区域对非语言功能的响应，这些非语言功能通常被认为与这些区域有关：算术，工作记忆，认知控制和音乐。我们发现语言区域对这些非语言功能几乎没有响应。这些数据支持在语言和其他认知过程之间的清晰区分，从而解决了神经心理学和神经影像学文献之间的先验冲突。

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