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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri
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Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

机译：基因扩增赋予A菜中草甘膦抗性

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摘要

The herbicide glyphosate became widely used in the United States and other parts of the world after the commercialization of glyph-osate-resistant crops. These crops have constitutive overexpression of a glyphosate-insensitive form of the herbicide target site gene, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Increased use of glyphosate over multiple years imposes selective genetic pressure on weed populations. We investigated recently discovered glypho-sate-resistantiAmaranthus palmeri populations from Georgia, in comparison with normally sensitive populations. EPSPS enzyme activity from resistant and susceptible plants was equally inhibited by glyphosate, which led us to use quantitative PCR to measure relative copy numbers of the EPSPS gene. Genomes of resistant plants contained from 5-fold to more than 160-fold more copies of the EPSPS gene than did genomes of susceptible plants. Quantitative RT-PCR on cDNA revealed that EPSPS expression was positively correlated with ge-nomic EPSPS relative copy number. Immunoblot analyses showed that increased EPSPS protein level also correlated with EPSPS genomic copy number. EPSPS gene amplification was heritable, correlated with resistance in pseudo-F_2 populations, and is proposed to be the molecular basis of glyphosate resistance. FISH revealed that EPSPS genes were present on every chromosome and, therefore, gene amplification was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over. This occurrence of gene amplification as an herbicide resistance mechanism in a naturally occurring weed population is particularly significant because it could threaten the sustainable use of glypho-sate-resistant crop technology.
机译：抗草甘膦作物商业化后，除草剂草甘膦在美国和世界其他地区得到广泛使用。这些作物具有草甘膦不敏感形式的除草剂目标位点基因5-烯醇丙酮酸py草酸酯-3-磷酸合酶（EPSPS）的组成型过表达。多年以来草甘膦的使用增加，对杂草种群产生了选择性的遗传压力。我们调查了最近发现的来自佐治亚州的草甘膦抗性iAmaranthus palmeri种群，与正常敏感种群相比。草甘膦同样抑制了抗性和易感植物的EPSPS酶活性，这使我们使用定量PCR来测量EPSPS基因的相对拷贝数。与易感植物的基因组相比，抗性植物的基因组包含的EPSPS基因拷贝多5倍至160倍以上。 cDNA的定量RT-PCR表明，EPSPS表达与基因组EPSPS相对拷贝数呈正相关。免疫印迹分析表明，增加的EPSPS蛋白水平也与EPSPS基因组拷贝数相关。 EPSPS基因的扩增是可遗传的，与假F_2种群的抗性相关，被认为是草甘膦抗性的分子基础。 FISH显示EPSPS基因存在于每个染色体上，因此，基因扩增很可能不是由不相等的染色体交叉引起的。基因扩增作为天然杂草种群中除草剂抗性机制的这种发生特别重要，因为它可能威胁到抗草甘膦作物技术的可持续利用。

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    Todd A. Gaines; Wenli Zhang; Dafu Wang; Bekir Bukun; Stephen T. Chisholm; Dale L. Shaner; Scott J. Nissen; William L. Patzoldt; Patrick J. Tranel; A. Stanley Culpepper; Timothy L. Grey; Theodore M. Webster; William K. Vencill; R. Douglas Sammons; Jiming Jiang; Christopher Preston; Jan E. Leach; Philip Westra;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;

    Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167;

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;

    Water Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Fort Collins, CO 80526;

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;

    Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801;

    Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801;

    Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794;

    Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794;

    Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31794;

    Crop and Soil Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;

    Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167;

    Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;

    School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;

    Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; herbicide resistance; mobile genetic element; evolution; palmer amaranth;

    机译：5-烯丙基丙酮基shi酸酯-3-磷酸合酶;抗除草剂流动遗传元件演化;er菜红;

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