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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Dental development and life history in living African and Asian apes
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Dental development and life history in living African and Asian apes

机译：非洲和亚洲猿类的牙齿发育和生活史

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Life-history inference is an important aim of paleoprimatology, but life histories cannot be discerned directly from the fossil record. Among extant primates, the timing of many life-history attributes is correlated with the age at emergence of the first permanent molar (M1), which can therefore serve as a means to directly compare the life histories of fossil and extant species. To date, M1 emergence ages exist for only a small fraction of extant primate species and consist primarily of data from captive individuals, which may show accelerated dental eruption compared with free-living individuals. Data on M1 emergence ages in wild great apes exist for only a single chimpanzee individual, with data for gorillas and orangutans being anecdotal. This paucity of information limits our ability to make life-history inferences using the M1 emergence ages of extinct ape and hominin species. Here we report reliable ages at M1 emergence for the orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus (4.6 y), and the gorilla, Gorilla gorilla (3.8 y), obtained from the dental histology of wild-shot individuals in museum collections. These ages and the one reported age at M1 emergence in a free-living chimpanzee of approximately 4.0 y are highly concordant with the comparative life histories of these great apes. They are also consistent with the average age at M1 emergence in relation to the timing of life-history events in modern humans, thus confirming the utility of M1 emergence ages for life-history inference and providing a basis for making reliable life-history inferences for extinct apes and hominins.
机译：生命历史推断是古原始生物学的重要目标，但是生命历史不能直接从化石记录中分辨出来。在现存的灵长类动物中，许多生命史属性的时间与第一个恒磨牙（M1）出现的年龄有关，因此可以用作直接比较化石和现存物种的生命史的一种手段。迄今为止，现存的灵长类物种中只有一小部分存在M1出苗年龄，并且主要由圈养个体提供的数据组成，与自由生活的个体相比，这可能表明牙齿萌发加速。关于野生大猩猩M1出苗年龄的数据仅存在于一个黑猩猩个体中，大猩猩和猩猩的数据是轶事。信息的匮乏限制了我们利用已灭绝的猿猴和人种素的M1出现年龄做出生活史推断的能力。在这里，我们报道了从博物馆收藏中的野性个体的牙齿组织学获得的猩猩Pongo pygmaeus（4.6 y）和大猩猩Gorilla gorilla（3.8 y）在M1出现的可靠年龄。这些年龄和一个据报道在大约4.0 y的自由生活黑猩猩中出现的M1年龄与这些大猿的比较生活史高度一致。与现代人的生活史事件的发生时间有关，它们也与M1出现的平均年龄保持一致，从而证实了M1出现年龄对生活史推断的效用，并为进行可靠的生活史推断提供了依据。灭绝的猿猴和人类。

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