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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Adaptive impact of the chimeric gene Quetzalcoatl in Drosophila melanogaster
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Adaptive impact of the chimeric gene Quetzalcoatl in Drosophila melanogaster

机译：嵌合基因Quetzalcoatl对果蝇的适应性影响

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摘要

Chimeric genes, which form through the genomic fusion of two protein-coding genes, are a significant source of evolutionary novelty in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the propensity of chimeric genes to produce adaptive phenotypic changes is not fully understood. Here, we describe the chimeric gene Quetzalcoatl(Qtzl; CG31864), which formed in the recent past and swept to fixation in 0. melanogaster. Qtzl arose through a duplication on chromosome 2L that united a portion of the mitochondrially targeted peptide CG12264 with a segment of the polycomb gene esc/. The 3' segment of the gene, which is derived from escl. is inherited out of frame, producing a unique peptide sequence. Nucleotide diversity is drastically reduced and site frequency spectra are significantly skewed surrounding the duplicated region, a finding consistent with a selective sweep on the duplicate region containing Qtzl. Qtzl has an expression profile that largely resembles that of escl, with expression in early pupae, adult females, and male testes. However, expression patterns appear to have been decoupled from both parental genes during later embryonic development and in head tissues of adult males, indicating that Qtzl has developed a distinct regulatory profile through the rearrangement of different 5' and 3' regulatory domains. Furthermore, misexpression of Qtzl suppresses defects in the formation of the neuromuscular junction in larvae, demonstrating that Qtzl can produce phenotypic effects in cells. Together, these results show that chimeric genes can produce structural and regulatory changes in a single mutational step and may be a major factor in adaptive evolution.
机译：通过两个蛋白质编码基因的基因组融合形成的嵌合基因，是果蝇进化新奇的重要来源。但是，嵌合基因产生适应性表型变化的倾向尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们描述了嵌合基因Quetzalcoatl（Qtzl; CG31864），该基因在最近形成并迅速在0. melanogaster中固定。 Qtzl是通过在2L染色体上复制而产生的，该复制使线粒体靶向肽CG12264的一部分与多梳基因esc /的一部分结合在一起。该基因的3'片段，源自escl。序列外遗传，产生独特的肽序列。核苷酸多样性大大降低，位点频谱在重复区域周围明显偏斜，这一发现与对包含Qtzl的重复区域的选择性扫描相一致。 Qtzl的表达谱与escl相似，并在p，成年雌性和雄性睾丸中表达。然而，在以后的胚胎发育过程中和成年男性的头部组织中，表达模式似乎已经与两个亲本基因分离，这表明Qtzl通过重排不同的5'和3'调节域而形成了独特的调节特性。此外，Qtzl的错误表达抑制了幼虫神经肌肉接头形成的缺陷，表明Qtzl可以在细胞中产生表型效应。总之，这些结果表明，嵌合基因可以在单个突变步骤中产生结构和调控变化，并且可能是适应性进化的主要因素。

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