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Melanopsin-dependent light avoidance in neonatal mice

机译:新生小鼠中黑素蛋白依赖性避光

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摘要

Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) form a light-sensitive system separate from rods and cones. Direct light stimulation of ipRGCs can regulate many nonimage-forming visual functions such as photoentrainment of circadian rhythms and pupil responses, and can intensify migraine headache in adults. In mice, ipRGCs are light responsive as early as the day of birth. In contrast their eyelids do not open until 12-13 d after birth (P12-13), and light signaling from rods and cones does not begin until approximately P10. No physiological or behavioral function is established for ipRGCs in neonates before the onset of rod and cone signaling. Here we report that mouse pups as young as P6 will completely turn away from a light. Light-induced responses of ipRGCs could be readily recorded in retinas of pups younger than P9, and we found no evidence for rod- and cone-mediated visual signaling to the RGCs of these younger mice. These results confirm that negative phototaxis is evident before the onset of rod- and cone-mediated visual signaling, and well before the onset of image-forming vision. Negative photo-taxis was absent in mice lacking melanopsin. We conclude that light activation of melanopsin ipRGCs is necessary and sufficient for negative phototaxis. These results strongly suggest that light activation of ipRGCs may regulate physiological functions such as sleep/wake cycles in preterm and neonatal infants.
机译:表达黑素蛋白的内在光敏性视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGC)形成了与杆和视锥分开的光敏系统。 ipRGC的直接光刺激可以调节许多不形成图像的视觉功能,例如昼夜节律的光导和瞳孔反应,并且可以加剧成人的偏头痛。在小鼠中,ipRGC最早在出生当天就对光有反应。相反,它们的眼睑直到出生后12-13 d才睁开(P12-13),而从视杆和视锥发出的光信号直到大约P10才开始。在杆和锥信号传导发生之前,新生儿ipRGCs尚未建立任何生理或行为功能。在这里我们报告说,小到P6的幼鼠将完全远离灯光。 ipRGCs的光诱导反应很容易记录在比P9小的幼崽的视网膜中,并且我们没有发现棒和视锥介导的视觉信号传递给这些小小鼠的RGC的证据。这些结果证实,在杆和视锥介导的视觉信号发生之前以及在成像视觉开始之前,负趋光性是明显的。缺乏黑视蛋白的小鼠不存在负趋光性。我们得出结论,对于负趋光性,黑色素ipRGCs的光激活是必要且充分的。这些结果强烈表明,ipRGCs的光活化可能调节早产儿和新生儿的生理功能,例如睡眠/唤醒周期。

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  • 作者单位

    Departments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 Fluxion Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;

    rnDepartments of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195;

    rnDepartments of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 Departments of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells; phototaxis; retina; visual behavior;

    机译:固有光敏性视网膜神经节细胞;趋光性视网膜视觉行为;

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