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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases
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Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases

机译：一系列温室气体导致的气候变化持续存在

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摘要

Emissions of a broad range of greenhouse gases of varying lifetimes contribute to global climate change. Carbon dioxide displays exceptional persistence that renders its warming nearly irreversible for more than 1,000 y. Here we show that the warming due to non-CO_2 greenhouse gases, although not irreversible, persists notably longer than the anthropogenic changes in the greenhouse gas concentrations themselves. We explore why the persistence of warming depends not just on the decay of a given greenhouse gas concentration but also on climate system behavior, particularly the timescales of heat transfer linked to the ocean. For carbon dioxide and methane, nonlinear optical absorption effects also play a smaller but significant role in prolonging the warming. In effect, dampening factors that slow temperature increase during periods of increasing concentration also slow the loss of energy from the Earth's climate system if radiative forcing is reduced. Approaches to climate change mitigation options through reduction of greenhouse gas or aerosol emissions therefore should not be expected to decrease climate change impacts as rapidly as the gas or aerosol lifetime, even for short-lived species; such actions can have their greatest effect if undertaken soon enough to avoid transfer of heat to the deep ocean.
机译：各种不同寿命的温室气体的排放导致全球气候变化。二氧化碳表现出出色的持久性，使其变暖超过1000年几乎不可逆转。在这里，我们表明，尽管并非不可逆转，但由于非CO_2温室气体引起的变暖持续时间明显长于温室气体浓度本身的人为变化。我们探索了为什么持续变暖不仅取决于给定温室气体浓度的衰减，还取决于气候系统的行为，尤其是与海洋相关的热传递的时间尺度。对于二氧化碳和甲烷，非线性光学吸收效应在延长变暖过程中也起着较小但重要的作用。实际上，如果减少辐射强迫，在浓度增加期间减缓温度升高的阻尼因素也会减缓地球气候系统的能量损失。因此，不应期望通过减少温室气体或气溶胶排放量的方式来减少气候变化的办法，以至于像气体或气溶胶的寿命一样快地减少气候变化的影响，即使是对于短命物种也是如此；如果尽快采取措施避免热量转移到深海，这些措施将发挥最大作用。

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  • 作者

    Susan Solomon; John S. Daniel; Todd J. Sanford; Daniel M. Murphy; Gian-Kasper Plattner; Reto Knutti; Pierre Friedlingstein;

  • 作者单位

    Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305;

    rnChemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305;

    rnChemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80307;

    rnChemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305;

    rnClimate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;

    rnInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;

    rnInstitut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de I'Environnement, Unite Mixte de Recherche 1572 Commissariat a I'Energie Atomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Commissariat a I'Energie Atomique-Saclay, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France QUEST/Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    atmosphere; dynamics; radiation;

    机译：大气层;动力学;辐射;

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