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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics
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Gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics

机译：基因组学时代的基因培养共进化

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The use of socially learned information (culture) is central to human adaptations. We investigate the hypothesis that the process of cultural evolution has played an active, leading role in the evolution of genes. Culture normally evolves more rapidly than genes, creating novel environments that expose genes to new selective pressures. Many human genes that have been shown to be under recent or current selection are changing as a result of new environments created by cultural innovations. Some changed in response to the development of agricultural subsistence systems in the Early and Middle Holocene. Alleles coding for adaptations to diets rich in plant starch (e.g., amylase copy number) and to epidemic diseases evolved as human populations expanded (e.g., sickle cell and G6PD deficiency alleles that provide protection against malaria). Large-scale scans using patterns of linkage disequilibrium to detect recent selection suggest that many more genes evolved in response to agriculture. Genetic change in response to the novel social environment of contemporary modern societies is also likely to be occurring. The functional effects of most of the alleles under selection during the last 10,000 years are currently unknown. Also unknown is the role of paleoenvironmental change in regulating the tempo of hominin evolution. Although the full extent of culture-driven gene-culture coevolution is thus far unknown for the deeper history of the human lineage, theory and some evidence suggest that such effects were profound. Genomic methods promise to have a major impact on our understanding of gene-culture coevolution over the span of hominin evolutionary history.
机译：社会学习信息（文化）的使用对于人类适应至关重要。我们调查的假设是文化进化的过程在基因的进化中发挥了积极的，领导作用。文化通常比基因进化得更快，从而创造了使基因承受新的选择压力的新颖环境。由于文化创新创造了新的环境，许多最近或当前处于选择状态的人类基因正在发生变化。某些变化是由于全新世早期和中期农业生计系统的发展而发生的。等位基因编码适应富含植物淀粉的饮食（例如淀粉酶拷贝数）和流行病，随着人口的增长而发展（例如镰刀状细胞和G6PD缺乏等位基因，可提供抗疟疾的保护）。使用连锁不平衡模式进行大规模扫描以检测最近的选择表明，有更多的基因响应农业而进化。响应当代现代社会的新型社会环境的遗传变化也很可能发生。在最近的10,000年中，目前尚不清楚大多数正在选择的等位基因的功能作用。同样未知的是，古环境变化在调节人参进化速度方面的作用。尽管迄今为止，对于人类谱系的更深的历史而言，由文化驱动的基因-文化共进化的全部范围尚不清楚，但理论和一些证据表明，这种影响是深远的。基因组学方法有望对我们在人源蛋白进化史上对基因-文化共进化的理解产生重大影响。

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