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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Subdivisions Of Primary Motor Cortex Based On Cortico-motoneuronal Cells
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Subdivisions Of Primary Motor Cortex Based On Cortico-motoneuronal Cells

机译：基于皮层运动神经元细胞的初级运动皮层的细分

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We used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus from single muscles of rhesus monkeys to identify cortico-motoneuronal (CM) cells in the primary motor cortex (M1) that make monosyn-aptic connections with motoneurons innervating shoulder, elbow, and finger muscles. We found that M1 has 2 subdivisions. A rostral region lacks CM cells and represents an "old" M1 that is the standard for many mammals. The descending commands mediated by corticospinal efferents from old M1 must use the integrative mechanisms of the spinal cord to generate motoneuron activity and motor output. In contrast, a caudal region of M1 contains shoulder, elbow, and finger CM cells. This region represents a "new" M1 that is present only in some higher primates and humans. The direct access to motoneurons afforded by CM cells enables the newly recognized M1 to bypass spinal cord mechanisms and sculpt novel patterns of motor output that are essential for highly skilled movements.
机译：我们使用逆行跨神经元的狂犬病病毒从恒河猴的单个肌肉进行跨神经运输，以识别初级运动皮层（M1）中的皮质-运动神经元（CM）细胞，该神经元与支配肩部，肘部和手指肌肉的运动神经元形成单突触连接。我们发现M1有2个细分。鸟嘴区域缺乏CM细胞，代表许多哺乳动物的标准“老” M1。老M1的皮质脊髓输出介导的下降命令必须利用脊髓的整合机制来产生运动神经元活动和运动输出。相反，M1的尾部区域包含肩，肘和手指CM细胞。该区域代表仅在某些高等灵长类动物和人类中存在的“新” M1。 CM细胞提供的运动神经元的直接访问使新近认可的M1能够绕开脊髓机制，并雕刻出新颖的运动输出模式，这是高技能运动必不可少的。

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