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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Restrictions On Biological Adaptation In Language Evolution
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Restrictions On Biological Adaptation In Language Evolution

机译：语言进化中对生物适应的限制

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Language acquisition and processing are governed by genetic constraints. A crucial unresolved question is how far these genetic constraints have coevolved with language, perhaps resulting in a highly specialized and species-specific language "module," and how much language acquisition and processing redeploy preexisting cognitive machinery. In the present work, we explored the circumstances under which genes encoding language-specific properties could have coevolved with language itself. We present a theoretical model, implemented in computer simulations, of key aspects of the interaction of genes and language. Our results show that genes for language could have coevolved only with highly stable aspects of the linguistic environment; a rapidly changing linguistic environment does not provide a stable target for natural selection. Thus, a biological endowment could not coevolve with properties of language that began as learned cultural conventions, because cultural conventions change much more rapidly than genes. We argue that this rules out the possibility that arbitrary properties of language, including abstract syntactic principles governing phrase structure, case marking, and agreement, have been built into a "language module" by natural selection. The genetic basis of human language acquisition and processing did not coevolve with language, but primarily predates the emergence of language. As suggested by Darwin, the fit between language and its underlying mechanisms arose because language has evolved to fit the human brain, rather than the reverse.
机译：语言习得和处理受遗传因素的约束。一个尚未解决的关键问题是，这些遗传限制与语言的融合程度如何，也许会导致高度专业化和物种特定的语言“模块”，以及多少语言习得和处理过程会重新部署先前存在的认知机制。在当前的工作中，我们探索了在何种情况下编码语言特定属性的基因可能与语言本身一起进化。我们提出了一种在计算机模拟中实现的，基因与语言相互作用的关键方面的理论模型。我们的结果表明，语言的基因只能与语言环境的高度稳定的方面一起进化。快速变化的语言环境无法为自然选择提供稳定的目标。因此，由于文化习俗的变化远比基因变化快，因此一种生物end赋无法与以习得的文化习俗开始的语言特性共同发展。我们认为，这排除了自然选择将语言的任意属性（包括控制短语结构，大小写标记和协议的抽象句法原则）构建为“语言模块”的可能性。人类语言习得和加工的遗传基础与语言没有共同发展，但主要早于语言的出现。正如达尔文（Darwin）所建议的那样，语言及其潜在机制之间的契合性是出现的，因为语言已经进化为适合人脑，而不是相反。

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