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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >An information-bearing seed for nucleating algorithmic self-assembly
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An information-bearing seed for nucleating algorithmic self-assembly

机译：一种用于算法自组装成核的信息种子

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摘要

Self-assembly creates natural mineral, chemical, and biological structures of great complexity. Often, the same starting materials have the potential to form an infinite variety of distinct structures; information in a seed molecule can determine which form is grown as well as where and when. These phenomena can be exploited to program the growth of complex supramolecular structures, as demonstrated by the algorithmic self-assembly of DNA tiles. However, the lack of effective seeds has limited the reliability and yield of algorithmic crystals. Here, we present a programmable DNA origami seed that can display up to 32 distinct binding sites and demonstrate the use of seeds to nucleate three types of algorithmic crystals. In the simplest case, the starting materials are a set of tiles that can form crystalline ribbons of any width; the seed directs assembly of a chosen width with >90% yield. Increased structural diversity is obtained by using tiles that copy a binary string from layer to layer; the seed specifies the initial string and triggers growth under near-optimal conditions where the bit copying error rate is <0.2%. Increased structural complexity is achieved by using tiles that generate a binary counting pattern; the seed specifies the initial value for the counter. Self-assembly proceeds in a one-pot annealing reaction involving up to 300 DNA strands containing >17 kb of sequence information. In sum, this work demonstrates how DNA origami seeds enable the easy, high-yield, low-error-rate growth of algorithmic crystals as a route toward programmable bottom-up fabrication.
机译：自组装会创建非常复杂的天然矿物，化学和生物结构。通常，相同的原材料有可能形成无限多种不同的结构。种子分子中的信息可以确定哪种形式以及何时何地生长。可以利用这些现象来编程复杂的超分子结构的生长，如DNA瓦片的算法自组装所证明的。但是，缺乏有效的晶种限制了算法晶体的可靠性和产量。在这里，我们介绍了一个可编程的DNA折纸种子，它可以显示多达32个不同的结合位点，并演示了使用种子来成核三种类型的算法晶体。在最简单的情况下，起始材料是一组瓷砖，可以形成任何宽度的结晶带；种子以大于90％的良率指导选定宽度的组装。通过使用图块在层与层之间复制二进制字符串，可以提高结构的多样性。种子指定了初始字符串，并在位复制错误率<0.2％的接近最佳条件下触发增长。通过使用生成二进制计数模式的图块，可以提高结构的复杂性。种子指定计数器的初始值。自组装在一锅退火反应中进行，涉及多达300条包含> 17 kb序列信息的DNA链。总而言之，这项工作证明了DNA折纸种子是如何实现算法晶体的简单，高产量，低错误率的增长的，这是通向可编程的自下而上制造的一种途径。

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