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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Filter feeders and plankton increase particle encounter rates through flow regime control
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Filter feeders and plankton increase particle encounter rates through flow regime control

机译：过滤器进料器和浮游生物通过流态控制来提高颗粒遇到率

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Collisions between particles or between particles and other objects are fundamental to many processes that we take for granted. They drive the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, the onset of rain and snow precipitation, and the manufacture of Pharmaceuticals, powders and crystals. Here, I show that the traditional assumption that viscosity dominates these situations leads to consistent and large-scale underestimation of encounter rates between particles and of deposition rates on surfaces. Numerical simulations reveal that the encounter rate is Reynolds number dependent and that encounter efficiencies are consistent with the sparse experimental data. This extension of aerosol theory has great implications for understanding of selection pressure on the physiology and ecology of organisms, for example filter feeders able to gather food at rates up to 5 times higher than expected. I provide evidence that filter feeders have been strongly selected to take advantage of this flow regime and show that both the predicted peak concentration and the steady-state concentrations of plankton during blooms are ≈33% of that predicted by the current models of particle encounter. Many ecological and industrial processes may be operating at substantially greater rates than currently assumed.
机译：粒子之间或粒子与其他对象之间的碰撞是我们认为理所当然的许多过程的基础。它们推动水生生态系统的功能，降雨和降雪的开始以及药物，粉末和晶体的生产。在这里，我证明了粘度在这些情况下占主导地位的传统假设导致对颗粒之间的相遇速率和表面沉积速率的一致且大规模的低估。数值模拟表明，相遇率与雷诺数有关，相遇效率与稀疏实验数据一致。气溶胶理论的这种扩展对于理解选择压力对生物体的生理和生态具有重大意义，例如，过滤器喂食器能够以比预期高5倍的速率收集食物。我提供的证据表明，强烈选择了滤嘴供料器以利用这种流动方式，并显示在大华期间浮游生物的预测峰值浓度和稳态浓度均约为当前粒子遭遇模型所预测值的33％。许多生态和工业过程的运行速度可能比当前预期的要大得多。

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