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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods
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Spatial dynamics of ecological public goods

机译：生态公益物的空间动态

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The production, consumption, and exploitation of common resources ranging from extracellular products in microorganisms to global issues of climate change refer to public goods interactions. Individuals can cooperate and sustain common resources at some cost or defect and exploit the resources without contributing. This generates a conflict of interest, which characterizes social dilemmas: Individual selection favors defectors, but for the community, it is best if everybody cooperates. Traditional models of public goods do not take into account that benefits of the common resource enable cooperators to maintain higher population densities. This leads to a natural feedback between population dynamics and interaction group sizes as captured by "ecological public goods." Here, we show that the spatial evolutionary dynamics of ecological public goods in "selection-diffusion" systems promotes cooperation based on different types of pattern formation processes. In spatial settings, individuals can migrate (diffuse) to populate new territories. Slow diffusion of cooperators fosters aggregation in highly productive patches (activation), whereas fast diffusion enables defectors to readily locate and exploit these patches (inhibition). These antagonistic forces promote coexistence of cooperators and defectors in static or dynamic patterns, including spatial chaos of ever-changing configurations. The local environment of cooperators and defectors is shaped by the production or consumption of common resources. Hence, diffusion-induced self-organization into spatial patterns not only enhances cooperation but also provides simple mechanisms for the spontaneous generation of habitat diversity, which denotes a crucial determinant of the viability of ecological systems.
机译：从微生物的细胞外产物到全球气候变化问题，各种公共资源的生产，消费和开发均指公共产品之间的相互作用。个人可以在不付出任何代价的情况下合作并维持某些公共资源，但会付出一定的成本或存在缺陷，并且可以利用这些资源。这就产生了利益冲突，这是社会困境的特征：个人选择有利于叛逃者，但对于社区而言，最好是每个人都合作。传统的公共产品模型没有考虑到公共资源的好处使合作者能够维持更高的人口密度。这导致了人口动态与互动群体规模之间的自然反馈，如“生态公益物”所捕获的。在这里，我们表明，“选择-扩散”系统中生态公益的空间演化动力学促进了基于不同类型模式形成过程的合作。在空间环境中，个人可以迁移（扩散）以填充新领土。合作者的缓慢扩散会促进高生产力补丁中的聚集（激活），而快速扩散使叛逃者能够轻松定位并利用这些补丁（抑制）。这些对抗力促进合作者和叛逃者以静态或动态模式共存，包括格局不断变化的空间混乱。合作者和叛逃者的当地环境取决于共同资源的生产或消耗。因此，扩散诱导的自组织进入空间格局不仅增强了合作，而且还为自生生境多样性提供了简单的机制，这是生态系统生存能力的关键决定因素。

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