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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans
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Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans

机译：抗氧化剂阻止体育锻炼对人体健康的促进作用

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Exercise promotes longevity and ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. However, exercise also increases mitochondrial formation of presumably harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants are widely used as supplements but whether they affect the health-promoting effects of exercise is unknown. We evaluated the effects of a combination of vitamin C (1000 mg/day) and vitamin E (400 IU/day) on insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose infusion rates (GIR) during a hyperinsuline-mic, euglycemic clamp in previously untrained (n = 19) and pre-trained (n = 20) healthy young men. Before and after a 4 week intervention of physical exercise, GIR was determined, and muscle biopsies for gene expression analyses as well as plasma samples were obtained to compare changes over baseline and potential influences of vitamins on exercise effects. Exercise increased parameters of insulin sensitivity (GIR and plasma adiponectin) only in the absence of antioxidants in both previously untrained (P < 0.001) and pretrained (P < 0.001) individuals. This was paralleled by increased expression of ROS-sensitive transcriptional regulators of insulin sensitivity and ROS defense capacity, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and PPARy coac-tivators PGC1α and PGC1β only in the absence of antioxidants (P < 0.001 for all). Molecular mediators of endogenous ROS defense (superoxide dismutases 1 and 2; glutathione peroxidase) were also induced by exercise, and this effect too was blocked by antioxidant supplementation. Consistent with the concept of mitohormesis, exercise-induced oxidative stress ameliorates insulin resistance and causes an adaptive response promoting endogenous antioxidant defense capacity. Supplementation with antioxidants may preclude these health-promoting effects of exercise in humans.
机译：锻炼可延长寿命，并改善2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗。但是，运动还会增加可能有害的活性氧（ROS）的线粒体形成。抗氧化剂被广泛用作补充剂，但它们是否影响运动对健康的促进作用尚不清楚。我们评估了维生素C（1000 mg /天）和维生素E（400 IU /天）的组合对胰岛素敏感性的影响，如先前未经培训的（n = 19）和接受过预培训（n = 20）的健康年轻人。在进行为期4周的体育锻炼之前和之后，确定GIR，并获取用于基因表达分析的肌肉活检以及血浆样本，以比较基线的变化以及维生素对运动效果的潜在影响。仅在先前未经训练（P <0.001）和预先训练（P <0.001）的个体中，在没有抗氧化剂的情况下，运动会增加胰岛素敏感性的参数（GIR和血浆脂联素）。这与胰岛素敏感性和ROS防御能力，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活的受体γ（PPARγ）和PPARy助催化剂PGC1α和PGC1β的ROS敏感的转录调节因子的表达增加同时存在，只有在没有抗氧化剂的情况下（P <0.001所有）。运动也可诱导内源性ROS防御的分子介质（超氧化物歧化酶1和2；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶），而补充抗氧化剂也可阻止这种作用。与线粒体运动的概念一致，运动引起的氧化应激可改善胰岛素抵抗并引起适应性反应，从而促进内源性抗氧化防御能力。补充抗氧化剂可能会阻止运动对人体健康的促进作用。

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