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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The water footprint of bioenergy
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The water footprint of bioenergy

机译：生物能源的水足迹

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摘要

All energy scenarios show a shift toward an increased percentage of renewable energy sources, including biomass. This study gives an overview of water footprints (WFs) of bioenergy from 12 crops that currently contribute the most to global agricultural production: barley, cassava, maize, potato, rapeseed, rice, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sugar cane, and wheat. In addition, this study includes jatropha, a suitable energy crop. Since climate and production circumstances differ among regions, calculations have been performed by country. The WF of bioelectricity is smaller than that of biofuels because it is more efficient to use total biomass (e.g., for electricity or heat) than a fraction of the crop (its sugar, starch, or oil content) for biofuel. The WF of bioethanol appears to be smaller than that of biodiesel. For electricity, sugar beet, maize, and sugar cane are the most favorable crops [50 m~3/gigajoule (GJ)]. Rapeseed and jatropha, typical energy crops, are disadvantageous (400 m~3/GJ). For ethanol, sugar beet, and potato (60 and 100 m~3/GJ) are the most advantageous, followed by sugar cane (110 m~3/GJ); sorghum (400 m~3/GJ) is the most unfavorable. For biodiesel, soybean and rapeseed show to be the most favorable WF (400 m~3/GJ); jatropha has an adverse WF (600 m~3/GJ). When expressed per L, the WF ranges from 1,400 to 20,000 L of water per L of biofuel. If a shift toward a greater contribution of bioenergy to energy supply takes place, the results of this study can be used to select the crops and countries that produce bioenergy in the most water-efficient way.
机译：所有能源方案都显示出向包括生物质在内的可再生能源百分比增加的转变。这项研究概述了目前对全球农业生产贡献最大的12种作物的生物能源的水足迹（WFs）：大麦，木薯，玉米，马铃薯，油菜籽，稻米，黑麦，高粱，大豆，甜菜，甘蔗，和小麦。此外，这项研究还包括麻风树，一种适合的能源作物。由于不同地区的气候和生产环境不同，因此按国家/地区进行了计算。生物电的WF小于生物燃料的WF，因为利用总生物量（例如，用于电力或热能）要比农作物的一部分（糖，淀粉或油含量）用于生物燃料更有效。生物乙醇的WF似乎小于生物柴油的WF。对于电力而言，甜菜，玉米和甘蔗是最有利的作物[50 m〜3 / gJ（JJ）]。典型的能源作物油菜籽和麻疯树是不利的（400 m〜3 / GJ）。对于乙醇，甜菜和马铃薯（60和100 m〜3 / GJ）是最有利的，其次是甘蔗（110 m〜3 / GJ）。高粱（400 m〜3 / GJ）是最不利的。对于生物柴油而言，大豆和油菜籽是最有利的白WF（400 m〜3 / GJ）；麻风树的WF不良（600 m〜3 / GJ）。当以每升表示时，WF的范围为每升生物燃料用水1,400至20,000升。如果发生了向生物能源对能源供应的更大贡献的转变，则本研究的结果可用于选择以最节水的方式生产生物能源的作物和国家。

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