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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Graded synaptic transmission at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction
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Graded synaptic transmission at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction

机译：秀丽隐杆线虫神经肌肉接头的分级突触传递。

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摘要

Most neurotransmission is mediated by action potentials, whereas sensory neurons propagate electrical signals passively and release neurotransmitter in a graded manner. Here, we demonstrate that Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junctions release neurotransmitter in a graded fashion. When motor neurons were depolarized by light-activation of channelrhodopsin-2, the evoked postsynaptic current scaled with the strength of the stimulation. When motor neurons were hyperpolarized by light-activation of halorhodopsin, tonic release of synaptic vesicles was decreased. These data suggest that both evoked and tonic neurotransmitter release is graded in response to membrane potential. Acetylcholine synapses are depressed by high-frequency stimulation, in part due to desensitization of the nicotine-sensitve ACR-16 receptor. By contrast, GABA synapses facilitate before becoming depressed. Graded transmission and plasticity confer a broad dynamic range to these synapses. Graded release precisely transmits stimulation intensity, even hyperpolarizing inputs. Synaptic plasticity alters the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs into the muscle in a use-dependent manner.
机译：大多数神经传递是由动作电位介导的，而感觉神经元则被动地传播电信号并以分级方式释放神经递质。在这里，我们证明秀丽隐杆线虫神经肌肉接头以分级的方式释放神经递质。当通道神经视紫红质2的光激活使运动神经元去极化时，诱发的突触后电流随刺激强度而变化。当通过卤代视紫红质的光激活使运动神经元超极化时，突触小泡的滋补释放减少。这些数据表明，诱发和滋补性神经递质的释放均根据膜电位进行分级。高频刺激会抑制乙酰胆碱的突触，部分原因是尼古丁敏感性ACR-16受体脱敏。相比之下，GABA突触在变得沮丧之前会有所促进。分级传递和可塑性赋予这些突触广泛的动态范围。分级释放精确地传递刺激强度，甚至超极化输入。突触可塑性以依赖于使用的方式改变了对肌肉的兴奋性和抑制性输入的平衡。

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