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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses
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Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses

机译：约会大流行性流感病毒的出现

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摘要

Pandemic influenza viruses cause significant mortality in humans. In the 20th century, 3 influenza viruses caused major pandemics: the 1918 H1N1 virus, the 1957 H2N2 virus, and the 1968 H3N2 virus. These pandemics were initiated by the introduction and successful adaptation of a novel hemagglutinin subtype to humans from an animal source, resulting in antigenic shift. Despite global concern regarding a new pandemic influenza, the emergence pathway of pandemic strains remains unknown. Here we estimated the evolutionary history and inferred date of introduction to humans of each of the genes for all 20th century pandemic influenza strains. Our results indicate that genetic components of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus circulated in mammalian hosts, i.e., swine and humans, as early as 1911 and was not likely to be a recently introduced avian virus. Phylogenetic relationships suggest that the A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 virus (BM/1918) was generated by reas-sortment between mammalian viruses and a previously circulating human strain, either in swine or, possibly, in humans. Furthermore, seasonal and classic swine H1N1 viruses were not derived directly from BM/1918, but their precursors co-circulated during the pandemic. Mean estimates of the time of most recent common ancestor also suggest that the H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains may have been generated through reassortment events in unknown mammalian hosts and involved multiple avian viruses preceding pandemic recognition. The possible generation of pandemic strains through a series of reassortment events in mammals over a period of years before pandemic recognition suggests that appropriate surveillance strategies for detection of precursor viruses may abort future pandemics.
机译：大流行性流感病毒会导致人类大量死亡。在20世纪，三种主要的流感病毒引起了大流行：1918年的H1N1病毒，1957年的H2N2病毒和1968年的H3N2病毒。这些大流行是通过将新型血凝素亚型引入并成功地从动物源适应人类而引发的，从而导致抗原转移。尽管全球都在关注一种新的大流行性流感，但大流行毒株的出现途径仍然未知。在这里，我们估算了所有20世纪大流行性流感病毒株的每个基因的进化历史和推论到人类的日期。我们的结果表明，早在1911年，在哺乳动物宿主（即猪和人）中传播的1918 H1N1大流行病毒的遗传成分就不可能成为最近引入的禽病毒。系统发育关系表明，A / Brevig Mission / 1/1918病毒（BM / 1918）是通过哺乳动物病毒与先前在猪中或可能在人体内传播的人类品系之间的重排而产生的。此外，季节性和经典猪H1N1病毒并非直接源自BM / 1918，而是其前体在大流行期间共同传播。对最近共同祖先时间的平均估计还表明，H2N2和H3N2大流行毒株可能是通过未知哺乳动物宿主中的重排事件产生的，并且涉及大流行之前的多种禽类病毒。在大流行识别之前的几年中，通过在哺乳动物中发生的一系列重排事件可能产生大流行毒株，这表明用于检测前体病毒的适当监视策略可能会中止未来的大流行。

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    Gavin J. D. Smith; Justin Bahl; Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna; Jinxia Zhang; Leo L M. Poon; Honglin Chen; Robert G. Webster; J. S. Malik Peiris; Yi Guan;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38015;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    H1N1; influenza A; swine; virus evolution; molecular clock;

    机译：H1N1;甲型流感;猪;病毒进化;分子钟;

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