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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Extinction implications of a chenopod browse diet for a giant Pleistocene kangaroo
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Extinction implications of a chenopod browse diet for a giant Pleistocene kangaroo

机译：食足动物浏览饮食对巨型更新世袋鼠的灭绝影响

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摘要

Kangaroos are the world's most diverse group of herbivorous marsupials. Following late-Miocene intensification of aridity and seasonality, they radiated across Australia, becoming the continent's ecological equivalents of the artiodactyl ungulates elsewhere. Their diversity peaked during the Pleistocene, but by approximately 45,000 years ago, 90% of larger kangaroos were extinct, along with a range of other giant species. Resolving whether climate change or human arrival was the principal extinction cause remains highly contentious. Here we combine cranio-dental morphology, stable-isotopic, and dental microwear data to reveal that the largest-ever kangaroo, Procoptodon goliah, was a chenopod browse specialist, which may have had a preference for Atriplex (saltbushes), one of a few dicots using the C_4 photosyn-thetic pathway. Furthermore, oxygen isotope signatures of P. goliah tooth enamel show that it drank more in low-rainfall areas than its grazing contemporaries, similar to modern saltbush feeders. Saltbushes and chenopod shrublands in general are poorly flammable, so landscape burning by humans is unlikely to have caused a reduction in fodder driving the species to extinction. Aridity is discounted as a primary cause because P. goliah evolved in response to increased aridity and disappeared during an interval wetter than many it survived earlier. Hunting by humans, who were also bound to water, may have been a more decisive factor in the extinction of this giant marsupial.
机译：袋鼠是世界上种类最多的草食有袋动物。中新世晚期干旱和季节性加剧之后，它们辐射了整个澳大利亚，成为非洲大陆上其他地方有蹄类动物有蹄类动物的生态等效物。它们的多样性在更新世达到顶峰，但是到大约45,000年前，90％的大型袋鼠以及一系列其他巨型物种已灭绝。解决气候变化或人类到来是主要的灭绝原因仍然是有争议的。在这里，我们结合颅-牙形态学，稳定同位素和牙科微磨损数据，揭示了有史以来最大的袋鼠Procoptodon goliah是一种chenopod浏览专家，它可能偏爱Atriplex（盐渍）。双子叶植物使用C_4光合途径。此外，P。goliah牙釉质的氧同位素特征表明，与现代食盐灌食器类似，它在低雨量地区的饮水量比其放牧的同期饮水量高。盐沼和藜足类灌木丛的易燃性很差，因此人类的景观燃烧不太可能导致饲料减少，从而使该物种灭绝。干旱被认为是主要原因，因为疟原虫响应干旱增加而进化，并在一定时间间隔内消失，比之前存活的许多疾病都消失了。人类的狩猎，也与水有关，可能是这种巨型有袋动物灭绝的决定性因素。

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    Gavin J. Prideaux; Linda K. Ayliffe; Larisa R. G. DeSantis; Blaine W. Schubert; Peter F. Murray; Michael K. Gagan; Thure E. Cerling;

  • 作者单位

    School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia;

    Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia;

    Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235;

    Department of Geosciences and Don Sundquist Center of Excellence in Paleontology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614;

    Museum of Central Australia, Alice Springs, Northern Territory 0871, Australia;

    Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia;

    Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Australia; dietary ecology; extinct marsupial; stable isotopes; human hunting;

    机译：澳大利亚;饮食生态学灭绝的有袋动物稳定同位素人类狩猎;

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