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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Surviving mass extinction by bridging the benthic/planktic divide
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Surviving mass extinction by bridging the benthic/planktic divide

机译：弥合底栖生物/浮游生物的鸿沟，从而使大灭绝得以幸存

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摘要

Evolution of planktic organisms from benthic ancestors is commonly thought to represent unidirectional expansion into new ecological domains, possibly only once per clade. For foraminifera, this evolutionary expansion occurred in the Early-Middle Jurassic, and all living and extinct planktic foraminifera have been placed within 1 clade, the Suborder Globigerinina. The subsequent radiation of planktic foraminifera in the Jurassic and Cretaceous resulted in highly diverse assemblages, which suffered mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous, leaving an impoverished assemblage dominated by microperforate triserial and biserial forms. The few survivor species radiated to form diverse assemblages once again in the Cenozoic. There have, however, long been doubts regarding the monophyletic origin of planktic foraminifera. We present surprising but conclusive genetic evidence that the Recent biserial planktic Streptochilus globigerus belongs to the same biological species as the benthic Bolivina variabilis, and geochemical evidence that this ecologically flexible species actively grows within the open-ocean surface waters, thus occupying both planktic and benthic domains. Such a lifestyle (tychopelagic) had not been recognized as adapted by foraminifera. Tychopelagic are endowed with great ecological advantage, enabling rapid recolo-nization of the extinction-susceptible pelagic domain from the benthos. We argue that the existence of such forms must be considered in resolving foraminiferal phylogeny.
机译：人们普遍认为，底栖生物从板状生物的进化代表了单向向新生态域的扩展，每个分支可能只有一次。对于有孔虫，这种进化扩展发生在侏罗纪中早，所有活的和灭绝的板状有孔虫都被放置在一个分支中，即亚目Globigerinina。随后在侏罗纪和白垩纪辐射的有孔虫导致了多种多样的组合，这些组合在白垩纪末期大灭绝，留下了以微穿孔的三叠系和双丛型为主的贫化组合。少数幸存者物种再次辐射到新生代。但是，人们对浮游有孔虫的单系起源早有疑问。我们提供了令人惊讶但确凿的遗传证据，表明最近的二元浮游链球菌链球菌与底栖玻利维亚生物属于同一生物物种，而地球化学证据表明，这种生态上灵活的物种活跃地生长在开放海洋地表水域内，因此同时占据了浮游和底栖生物域。孔雀科尚未认识到这种生活方式（鼓膜上的）。鼓膜鱼类具有巨大的生态优势，能够使底栖动物的易绝种易上浮域迅速地重新定位。我们认为在解决有孔虫系统发育中必须考虑此类形式的存在。

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    Kate F. Darling; Ellen Thomas; Simone A. Kasemann; Heidi A. Seears; Christopher W. Smart; Christopher M. Wade;

  • 作者单位

    School of GeoSciences and Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, United Kingdom;

    Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459;

    School of GeoSciences and Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, United Kingdom Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Geologie, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany;

    Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom;

    School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom;

    Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    end-Cretaceous; foraminifera; Mg/Ca; plankton evolution; SSU rRNA;

    机译：白垩纪末;有孔虫镁/钙;浮游生物演化SSU rRNA;

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