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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Orangutans employ unique strategies to control branch flexibility
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Orangutans employ unique strategies to control branch flexibility

机译：猩猩采用独特的策略来控制分支机构的灵活性

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Orangutans are the largest habitually arboreal mammal. For them, as for all arboreal mammals, access to the abundant fruits and narrowest gaps found among the thin peripheral branches of tree crowns poses considerable safety risks and energetic demands. Most arboreal primates use flexed-limb postures to minimize problems caused by branch compliance and instability. Here, we show that Sumatran orangutans employ unique locomotor strategies to control compliance and allow access to the terminal branch niche for feeding and gap crossing. We calculated a "stiffness score," which is a measure of the flexibility of the supports on which orangutans moved. We found that certain locomotor behaviors clearly are associated with the most compliant supports; these behaviors appear to lack regular limb sequences, which serves to avoid the risk of resonance in branch sway caused by high-frequency, patterned gait. Balance and increased stability are achieved through long contact times between multiple limbs and supports and a combination of pronograde (horizontal) and or-thograde (vertical) body postures, used both above branches and in suspension underneath them. Overall, adult females seem to be the most conservative in their travel, selecting more solid and secure supports than males and adolescents. These results have implications for understanding locomotor diversity in fossil and extant apes and for orangutan conservation and reintroduction programs.
机译：猩猩是最大的习惯性树栖哺乳动物。对他们而言，对所有树栖哺乳动物而言，获取丰富的水果和在树冠的细小外围树枝中发现的最窄缝隙构成了相当大的安全隐患和充满活力的需求。大多数树栖灵长类动物都使用弯曲肢体姿势，以最大程度地减少分支顺应性和不稳定性引起的问题。在这里，我们表明苏门答腊猩猩采用独特的运动策略来控制顺应性，并允许进入末端分支利基空间进行饲喂和缺口穿越。我们计算了一个“刚度分数”，它是猩猩移动的支撑物的柔性的量度。我们发现某些运动行为显然与最顺从的支撑物有关。这些行为似乎缺乏规则的肢体序列，从而避免了由高频，有图案的步态引起的分支摇摆共振的风险。平衡和增加的稳定性是通过多个肢体与支撑物之间的长时间接触，以及在树枝上方和树枝下方悬浮使用的原姿势（水平）姿势和正姿势（垂直）姿势的组合来实现的。总体而言，成年女性似乎在旅行中最为保守，他们选择的固定支撑要比男性和青少年更为牢固和安全。这些结果对于理解化石和现存猿的运动多样性以及猩猩的保护和再引入计划具有重要意义。

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